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Streams and consciousness: visual awareness and the brain
Trends in Cognitive Sciences ( IF 16.7 ) Pub Date : 1998-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/s1364-6613(97)01116-9
A D Milner 1
Affiliation  

Vision is our most powerful sense and, arguably, it gives us our most vivid sensory and imaginal experiences. It is also one of the best understood systems in contemporary neuroscience. Yet, contrary to both traditional assumptions and our phenomenological intuition, recent research has shown that vision is not a monolithic system that creates a single general-purpose representation in the brain. For example, selective brain damage can compromise visuomotor control while leaving perception intact, and damage elsewhere can compromise visual perception while leaving visuomotor control intact. Thus, it is becoming apparent that we have two (largely) separate visual systems. One of them is dedicated to the rapid and accurate guidance of our movements: it is a complex and powerful system, and yet it lies outside the realm of our conscious visual awareness. The other seems to provide our perceptual phenomenology, although its primary purpose is probably to provide suitably coded visual inputs for storage in and retrieval from memory. According to this conceptualization, both systems can be seen as serving our behaviour, but each does so on a different time scale. Recent studies suggest that neuropsychological research in humans can play a central role in bridging the gap between neurobiological studies of the monkey's visual system and the search to narrow down the brain mechanisms that mediate our visual awareness.

中文翻译:

流和意识:视觉意识和大脑

视觉是我们最强大的感觉,可以说,它给了我们最生动的感官和想象体验。它也是当代神经科学中最容易理解的系统之一。然而,与传统假设和我们的现象学直觉相反,最近的研究表明,视觉不是在大脑中创建单一通用表示的单一系统。例如,选择性脑损伤会损害视觉运动控制,同时保持知觉完好无损,而其他地方的损伤会损害视觉知觉,同时保持视觉运动控制完好无损。因此,很明显我们有两个(基本上)独立的视觉系统。其中之一致力于快速准确地引导我们的运动:它是一个复杂而强大的系统,然而它却在我们有意识的视觉意识范围之外。另一个似乎提供了我们的感知现象学,尽管它的主要目的可能是提供适当编码的视觉输入,以便在记忆中进行存储和检索。根据这种概念,两个系统都可以被视为为我们的行为服务,但每个系统都在不同的时间尺度上这样做。最近的研究表明,人类的神经心理学研究可以在弥合猴子视觉系统的神经生物学研究与缩小调节我们视觉意识的大脑机制之间的差距方面发挥核心作用。根据这种概念,两个系统都可以被视为为我们的行为服务,但每个系统都在不同的时间尺度上这样做。最近的研究表明,人类的神经心理学研究可以在弥合猴子视觉系统的神经生物学研究与缩小调节我们视觉意识的大脑机制之间的差距方面发挥核心作用。根据这种概念,两个系统都可以被视为为我们的行为服务,但每个系统都在不同的时间尺度上这样做。最近的研究表明,人类的神经心理学研究可以在弥合猴子视觉系统的神经生物学研究与缩小调节我们视觉意识的大脑机制之间的差距方面发挥核心作用。
更新日期:1998-01-01
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