Genetic control of residual variance offers opportunities to increase uniformity and resilience of livestock and aquaculture species. Improving uniformity and resilience of animals will improve health and welfare of animals and lead to more homogenous products. Our aims in this review were to summarize the current models and methods to study genetic control of residual variance, genetic parameters and genomic results for residual variance and discuss future research directions. Typically, the genetic coefficient of variation is high (median = 0.27; range 0-0.86) and the heritability of residual variance is low (median = 0.01; range 0-0.10). Higher heritabilities can be achieved when increasing the number of records per animal. Divergent selection experiments have supported the feasibility of selecting for high or low residual variance. Genomic studies have revealed associations in regions related to stress, including those from the heat shock protein family. Although the number of studies is growing, genetic control of residual variance is still poorly understood, but big data and genomics offer great opportunities.

中文翻译：

---

家畜和水产养殖物种一致性和恢复力的遗传学和基因组学：综述

剩余变异的遗传控制为提高牲畜和水产养殖物种的一致性和恢复力提供了机会。提高动物的均一性和恢复力将改善动物的健康和福利，并导致产品更加均质。我们在这篇综述中的目的是总结当前研究残差方差的遗传控制、遗传参数和残差方差的基因组结果的模型和方法，并讨论未来的研究方向。通常，变异的遗传系数很高（中位数 = 0.27；范围 0-0.86），而残差的遗传力较低（中位数 = 0.01；范围 0-0.10）。当增加每只动物的记录数时，可以获得更高的遗传力。发散选择实验支持选择高或低残差方差的可行性。基因组研究揭示了与压力相关区域的关联，包括来自热休克蛋白家族的区域。尽管研究数量在增加，但对残差方差的遗传控制仍知之甚少，但大数据和基因组学提供了巨大的机会。