Cachexia frequently occurs in cancer patients and is correlated with reduced therapeutic responsiveness and poor prognosis. Although skeletal muscle atrophy is an important factor related to cachexia, biomarkers for its early diagnosis are not yet definitive. In this study, weight loss, body mass index, skeletal muscle index (SMI), serum carcinoembryonic antigen, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, serum interleukin (IL)-6, serum high mobility group box (HMGB)-1, and SDS-soluble myosin light chain 1 (SDS-MYL1) of the psoas muscle were examined in 8 autopsied cases of death from colorectal cancer (CRC) as biomarkers of cachexia. SDS-MYL1 was positively correlated to SMI and TNF-α was negatively correlated, but the other factors did not show any correlations with SMI. Multivariate analysis showed that of the 3 cytokines, TNF-α and HMGB1 were correlated with SMI. Furthermore, when the biochemical skeletal muscle maturation marker, SDS-MYL1, was compared with serum cytokines, TNF-α and HMGB1 were negatively correlated but IL-6 was not. In multivariate analysis, only TNF-α was associated with SDS-MYL1. A positive correlation was found between TNF-α and HMGB1. These findings suggest that since TNF-α was inversely correlated with SMI and SDS-MYL1, TNF-α is a serum marker of skeletal muscle atrophy in CRC. Moreover, SDS-MYL1 might be established as a biomarker linked to clinical sarcopenia in experiments in vitro and in vivo.

中文翻译：

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结直肠癌死亡后尸体解剖患者癌症诱发的肌肉减少症参数评估

恶病质经常发生在癌症患者中，并且与治疗反应性降低和预后不良相关。尽管骨骼肌萎缩是与恶病质相关的重要因素，但其早期诊断的生物标志物尚不确定。本研究中体重减轻、体重指数、骨骼肌指数（SMI）、血清癌胚抗原、血清肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、血清白介素（IL）-6、血清高迁移率族框（HMGB）-1和 SDS 可溶性肌球蛋白轻链 1 (SDS-MYL1) 在 8 例结直肠癌 (CRC) 死亡尸体解剖病例中作为恶病质的生物标志物进行了检查。SDS-MYL1与SMI呈正相关，TNF-α与SMI呈负相关，其他因素与SMI无相关性。多变量分析表明，在 3 种细胞因子中，TNF-α 和 HMGB1 与 SMI 相关。此外，当生化骨骼肌成熟标志物 SDS-MYL1 与血清细胞因子进行比较时，TNF-α 和 HMGB1 呈负相关，而 IL-6 则没有。在多变量分析中，只有 TNF-α 与 SDS-MYL1 相关。在 TNF-α 和 HMGB1 之间发现了正相关。这些发现表明，由于 TNF-α 与 SMI 和 SDS-MYL1 呈负相关，因此 TNF-α 是 CRC 骨骼肌萎缩的血清标志物。此外，在体外和体内实验中，SDS-MYL1 可能被确定为与临床肌肉减少症相关的生物标志物。只有 TNF-α 与 SDS-MYL1 相关。在 TNF-α 和 HMGB1 之间发现了正相关。这些发现表明，由于 TNF-α 与 SMI 和 SDS-MYL1 呈负相关，因此 TNF-α 是 CRC 骨骼肌萎缩的血清标志物。此外，在体外和体内实验中，SDS-MYL1 可能被确定为与临床肌肉减少症相关的生物标志物。只有 TNF-α 与 SDS-MYL1 相关。在 TNF-α 和 HMGB1 之间发现了正相关。这些发现表明，由于 TNF-α 与 SMI 和 SDS-MYL1 呈负相关，因此 TNF-α 是 CRC 骨骼肌萎缩的血清标志物。此外，在体外和体内实验中，SDS-MYL1 可能被确定为与临床肌肉减少症相关的生物标志物。