The skeletal maturation of the shoulder has been well documented on radiographic and cadaveric studies. Recent increased use of MRI has provided increased understanding of the soft-tissue and osseous changes that occur during development. Thus recognizing normal maturation, imaging manifestations and pitfalls is crucial when evaluating the pediatric shoulder joint. At birth, the humeral diaphysis, midportion of the clavicle, and the body of the scapula are ossified, while the remainder of the bones of the shoulder are composed of non-ossified cartilaginous precursors. During growth, cartilaginous apophyses and epiphyses of the shoulder develop numerous secondary ossification centers, which fuse with the primary ossification centers to form the complete bony components of the shoulder. Additionally changes in the morphology of the growth plates as well as marrow signal occur in an organized manner. This paper affords the reader with an understanding of the normal development of three major components of skeletal maturation in the shoulder: ossification centers, growth plates and marrow signal. These topics are further subdivided into the glenoid, proximal humerus and acromioclavicular joint. We also provide a focus on distinguishing normal anatomy from imaging pitfalls related to skeletal maturation.

中文翻译：

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正常发育的影像学缺陷和小儿肩部受伤。

放射线和尸体研究已充分记录了肩膀的骨骼成熟。MRI的最近使用增加了对发育过程中发生的软组织和骨变化的了解。因此，在评估儿科肩关节时，识别正常的成熟度，影像学表现和缺陷至关重要。出生时，肱骨干physi端，锁骨中部和肩cap骨骨化，而肩部的其余骨头则由非骨化的软骨前体组成。在生长过程中，软骨的po突和肩epi骨会形成大量的次生骨化中心，这些骨化中心与主要骨化中心融合，形成完整的肩骨成分。另外，生长板的形态变化以及骨髓信号以有组织的方式发生。本文使读者了解肩部骨骼成熟的三个主要组成部分的正常发育：骨化中心，生长板和骨髓信号。这些主题可进一步细分为关节盂，肱骨近端和肩锁关节。我们还将重点放在将正常解剖结构与与骨骼成熟相关的成像缺陷区分开来。肱骨近端和肩锁关节。我们还将重点放在将正常解剖结构与与骨骼成熟相关的成像缺陷区分开来。肱骨近端和肩锁关节。我们还将重点放在将正常解剖结构与与骨骼成熟相关的成像缺陷区分开来。