Polymerization and depolymerization of cytoskeletal filaments against cellular structures can generate forces that are key to many cellular processes, such as cell motility and chromosomes movements during cell division. Motions generated by these forces induce global cytoplasmic flows and couple the dynamics of the polymerizing filaments and other bodies immersed in the fluid through their long‐range hydrodynamic interactions (HIs). Previous theoretical and computational studies have largely ignored HIs. We use three dimensional discrete simulations to study the relationship between polymerization forces and their resulting flows and HIs. As a model system, we choose a filament that is polymerizing against an obstacle, and is embedded in a cylindrical array of parallel filaments of the same length. We consider three distinct mechanical scenarios for the filaments within the array: (a) all of the filaments are polymerizing with the same velocity; (b) they are all fixed in space, and (c) they are freely suspended. We show that each of these conditions produce their unique cytoplasmic flows and each result in differentiable polymerization forces and velocities. We also study the effect of buckling of filaments on polymerization forces and velocities and discuss the effect of HIs on the onset of buckling transition. Finally, we show that HIs result in the bundling of the buckled filaments within the array.

中文翻译：

---

细丝的水动力相互作用会克服障碍。

细胞骨架细丝针对细胞结构的聚合和解聚可以产生对于许多细胞过程至关重要的力，例如细胞运动和细胞分裂过程中的染色体运动。这些力产生的运动会诱导整体细胞质流动，并通过其长程流体动力相互作用（HIs）耦合浸没在流体中的聚合长丝和其他物体的动力学。先前的理论和计算研究在很大程度上忽略了HI。我们使用三维离散模拟来研究聚合力与其产生的流量和HI之间的关系。作为模型系统，我们选择一根能与障碍物聚合的细丝，并将其嵌入相同长度的平行细丝的圆柱阵列中。我们考虑阵列中细丝的三种不同的机械情况：（a）所有细丝都以相同的速度聚合；（b）它们都固定在太空中，并且（c）它们是自由悬挂的。我们表明，这些条件中的每一种都产生其独特的细胞质流，并且各自导致不同的聚合力和速度。我们还研究了长丝屈曲对聚合力和速度的影响，并讨论了HI对屈曲转变开始的影响。最后，我们显示出HI导致阵列内弯曲细丝的捆绑。我们表明，这些条件中的每一种都产生其独特的细胞质流，并且各自导致不同的聚合力和速度。我们还研究了长丝屈曲对聚合力和速度的影响，并讨论了HI对屈曲转变开始的影响。最后，我们显示出HI导致阵列内弯曲细丝的捆绑。我们表明，这些条件中的每一种都产生其独特的细胞质流，并且各自导致不同的聚合力和速度。我们还研究了长丝屈曲对聚合力和速度的影响，并讨论了HI对屈曲转变开始的影响。最后，我们显示出HI导致阵列内弯曲细丝的捆绑。