Acquired prosopagnosia varies in both behavioural manifestations and the location and extent of underlying lesions. We studied 10 patients with adult-onset lesions on a battery of face-processing tests. Using signal detection methods, we found that discriminative power for the familiarity of famous faces was most reduced by bilateral occipitotemporal lesions that involved the fusiform gyri, and better preserved with unilateral right-sided lesions. Tests of perception of facial structural configuration showed severe deficits with lesions that included the right fusiform gyrus, whether unilateral or bilateral. This deficit was most consistent for eye configuration, with some patients performing normally for mouth configuration. Patients with anterior temporal lesions had better configuration perception, though at least one patient showed a more subtle failure to integrate configural data from different facial regions. Facial imagery, an index of facial memories, was severely impaired by bilateral lesions that included the right anterior temporal lobe and marginally impaired by fusiform lesions alone; unilateral right fusiform lesions tended to spare imagery for facial features. These findings suggest that (I) prosopagnosia is more severe with bilateral than unilateral lesions, indicating a minor contribution of the left hemisphere to face recognition, (2) perception of facial configuration critically involves the right fusiform gyrus and (3) access to facial memories is most disrupted by bilateral lesions that also include the right anterior temporal lobe. This supports assertions that more apperceptive variants of prosopagnosia are linked to fusiform damage, whereas more associative variants are linked to anterior temporal damage. Next, we found that behavioural indices of covert recognition correlated with measures of overt familiarity, consistent with theories that covert behaviour emerges from the output of damaged neural networks, rather than alternative pathways. Finally, to probe the face specificity of the prosopagnosic defect, we tested recognition of fruits and vegetables: While face specificity was not found in most of our patients, the data of one patient suggested that this may be possible with more focal lesions of the right fusiform gyrus.

中文翻译：

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获得性前列腺癌的结构和功能：来自10名脑损伤患者的经验教训。

获得性前瞻性障碍在行为表现以及潜在病变的位置和范围方面都有所不同。我们通过一系列面部加工测试研究了10例有成人发病灶的患者。使用信号检测方法，我们发现，涉及梭形回的双侧枕颞部病变最大程度地降低了识别著名面孔的判别力，而单侧右侧病变则保留得更好。对面部结构构型的知觉测试显示严重损害，包括单侧或双侧右梭形回在内。这种缺陷对于眼睛的形态最为一致，有些患者的嘴形表现正常。颞部前病变的患者对构型的感知更好，尽管至少一名患者在整合来自不同面部区域的配置数据方面表现出了更为微妙的失败。面部图像是面部记忆的一项指标，受包括右前颞叶在内的双侧病变的严重损害，而仅受梭形病变的损害很小。单侧右梭形病变易于保留面部特征的图像。这些发现表明：（I）双侧病变比单侧病变更严重，表明左半球对面部识别的贡献较小；（2）面部构型的感知严重涉及右侧梭形回；（3）面部记忆受双侧病变（包括右前颞叶）的干扰最大。这支持这样的断言，即，更年期前的感知性变体与梭形损伤有关，而更多的联想变体与颞骨前部损伤有关。接下来，我们发现隐秘识别的行为指数与公开的熟悉程度相关，这与隐性行为从受损神经网络的输出而不是替代途径中出现的理论一致。最后，为探究围手术期缺陷的面部特异性，我们测试了对水果和蔬菜的识别：虽然我们大多数患者未发现面部特异性，但一位患者的数据表明，右侧多灶性病变可能是可行的。梭状回。我们发现隐秘识别的行为指数与公开的熟悉程度相关联，与隐性行为的理论是从受损神经网络的输出而不是替代途径中产生的。最后，为探究围手术期缺陷的面部特异性，我们测试了对水果和蔬菜的识别：虽然我们大多数患者未发现面部特异性，但一位患者的数据表明，右侧多灶性病变可能是可行的。梭状回。我们发现隐秘识别的行为指数与公开的熟悉程度相关联，这与隐性行为从受损神经网络的输出而不是替代途径中出现的理论一致。最后，为了探究围手术期缺陷的面部特异性，我们测试了对水果和蔬菜的识别：虽然我们大多数患者未发现面部特异性，但一名患者的数据表明，右侧多灶性病变可能是可行的。梭状回。