Faces are of essential importance for human social life. They provide valuable information about the identity, expression, gaze, health, and age of a person. Recent face-processing models assume highly interconnected neural structures between different temporal, occipital, and frontal brain areas with several feedback loops. A selective deficit in the visual learning and recognition of faces is known as prosopagnosia, which can be found both in acquired and congenital form. Recently, a hereditary sub-type of congenital prosopagnosia with a very high prevalence rate of 2.5% has been identified. Recent research results show that hereditary prosopagnosia is a clearly circumscribed face-processing deficit with a characteristic set of clinical symptoms. Comparing face processing of people of prosopagnosia with that of controls can help to develop a more conclusive and integrated model of face processing. Here, we provide a summary of the current state of face processing research. We also describe the different types of prosopagnosia and present the set of typical symptoms found in the hereditary type. Finally, we will discuss the implications for future face recognition research.

中文翻译：

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人脸识别和围绝症的神经和遗传基础。

面孔对于人类的社会生活至关重要。它们提供有关一个人的身份，表情，凝视，健康和年龄的有价值的信息。最近的面部处理模型假设不同时间，枕骨和额叶大脑区域之间具有多个反馈回路的高度互连的神经结构。视觉学习和面部识别方面的选择性缺陷被称为prosopagnosia，可以以后天性和先天性形式发现。最近，已经确定了遗传性亚型的先天性围绝经症，其患病率很高，为2.5％。最近的研究结果表明，遗传性的停经是明显限制的面部加工缺陷，具有一系列特征性的临床症状。将患有绝经的人的面部处理与对照者的面部处理进行比较，可以帮助开发更具结论性和综合性的面部处理模型。在这里，我们提供了人脸处理研究现状的摘要。我们还描述了不同类型的前列腺癌，并介绍了在遗传型中发现的一组典型症状。最后，我们将讨论对未来人脸识别研究的影响。