Intranasal administration of ovalbumin (OVA) formulated in an archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery (AMVAD) system prepared by the addition of CaCl2 to small unilamellar archaeosomes (liposomes made from archaeal polar lipids) containing encapsulated OVA, was recently shown to elicit strong and sustained OVA-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses. In this study, we show that the centrifugation/washing and antigen quantization steps required in the standard protocol for obtaining OVA/AMVAD model vaccine formulations can be eliminated by using simpler protocols such as admixing OVA with preformed empty archaeosomes, or by changing the starting ratio (w/w) of archaeal lipid to antigen at the archaeosome preparation stage, prior to the addition of CaCl2 to convert to the AMVAD structures. Irrespective of the vaccine preparation protocol, the AMVAD particle typically comprised of larger spherical structures that had aggregated like a bunch of grapes, and it contained aqueous compartment(s). The anti-OVA IgA antibody responses in vaginal wash, nasal wash, serum, and bile samples, and the anti-OVA IgG antibody responses in sera, in mice intranasally immunized with the OVA/AMVAD formulations prepared by the simplified or the standard protocols, were comparable.

中文翻译：

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古菌脂质黏膜疫苗佐剂和递送 (AMVAD) 制剂的结构表征由不同方案制备及其对小鼠鼻内免疫的功效

卵清蛋白 (OVA) 鼻内给药在古菌脂质黏膜疫苗佐剂和递送 (AMVAD) 系统中配制，该系统通过将 CaCl2 添加到含有封装 OVA 的小单层古菌体（由古菌极性脂质制成的脂质体）中制备，最近被证明能引起强烈和持续的 OVA 特异性粘膜和全身免疫反应。在本研究中，我们表明，通过使用更简单的方案（例如将 OVA 与预先形成的空古细菌混合，或通过改变起始比率），可以消除标准方案中获得 OVA/AMVAD 模型疫苗制剂所需的离心/洗涤和抗原量化步骤(w/w) 在古菌体制备阶段，在添加 CaCl2 以转化为 AMVAD 结构之前，古菌脂质对抗原的影响。无论疫苗制备方案如何，AMVAD 颗粒通常由较大的球形结构组成，这些结构像一串葡萄一样聚集，并且包含水性隔室。在用通过简化或标准方案制备的 OVA/AMVAD 制剂鼻内免疫的小鼠中，阴道冲洗液、鼻冲洗液、血清和胆汁样品中的抗 OVA IgA 抗体反应以及血清中的抗 OVA IgG 抗体反应，具有可比性。