Between 1799 and 1806, trials of vaccination to determine its safety and efficacy were undertaken in hospitals in London, Paris, Vienna, and Boston. These trials were among the first instances of formal hospital evaluations of a medical procedure and signal a growing acceptance of a relatively new approach to medical practice. These early evaluations of smallpox vaccination also relied on descriptive and quantitative accounts, as well as probabilistic analyses, and thus occupy a significant, yet hitherto unexamined, place in the history of medical statistics.

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医学统计与医院医学：以天花疫苗接种为例

1799 年至 1806 年间，伦敦、巴黎、维也纳和波士顿的医院进行了疫苗接种试验以确定其安全性和有效性。这些试验是医院对医疗程序进行正式评估的首批实例之一，表明人们越来越接受一种相对较新的医疗实践方法。这些对天花疫苗接种的早期评估也依赖于描述性和定量的描述以及概率分析，因此在医学统计史上占有重要但迄今为止未经审查的地位。