Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds more than half of the world’s population. Ratooning rice is an economical alternative to the second seasonal rice, thus increasing the yield of ratooning rice is highly important. Here we report an applicable transgenic line constructed through the manipulation of osa-MIR156f expression in rice shoot using the OsGA3ox2 (D18) promoter. In seasonal rice, the D18–11 transgenic line showed moderate height and more effective tillers with normal panicle. In ratooning rice, axillary buds outgrew from the basal node of the D18–11 transgenic line before the harvest of seasonal rice. More effective tillers produced by the outgrowth of axillary buds contributed to the plant architecture improvement and yield increase. Additionally, it was found that osa-miR156f down-regulated the expression of tillering regulators, such as TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) and LAX PANICLE 1 (LAX1). The expression of DWARF10, DWARF27 and DWARF53, three genes being involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of strigolactone (SL), decreased in the stem of the D18–11 transgenic line. Our results indicated that the manipulation of osa-MIR156f expression may have application significance in rice genetic breeding. This study developed a novel strategy to regulate plant architecture and grain yield potential both in the seasonal and ratooning rice.

中文翻译：

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通过 D18 启动子操纵 osa-MIR156f 表达以调节季节性和再生稻的植物结构和产量性状。

水稻 (Oryza sativa L.) 养活了世界一半以上的人口。再生稻是第二季稻的经济替代品，因此提高再生稻的产量非常重要。在这里，我们报告了通过使用 OsGA3ox2 (D18) 启动子在水稻芽中操纵 osa-MIR156f 表达构建的适用转基因系。在季节性水稻中，D18-11 转基因品系表现出中等高度和更有效的分蘖，具有正常的圆锥花序。在再生水稻中，在季节性水稻收获之前，腋芽从 D18-11 转基因系的基部长出。由腋芽长出的更有效的分蘖有助于植物结构的改善和产量的增加。此外，发现 osa-miR156f 下调分蘖调节因子的表达，例如 TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) 和 LAX PANICLE 1 (LAX1)。DWARF10、DWARF27 和 DWARF53（参与独脚金内酯 (SL) 的生物合成和信号传导的三个基因）在 D18-11 转基因系的茎中的表达降低。我们的研究结果表明 osa-MIR156f 表达的调控可能在水稻遗传育种中具有应用意义。本研究开发了一种新的策略来调节季节性和再生稻的植物结构和谷物产量潜力。我们的研究结果表明 osa-MIR156f 表达的调控可能在水稻遗传育种中具有应用意义。本研究开发了一种新的策略来调节季节性和再生稻的植物结构和谷物产量潜力。我们的研究结果表明 osa-MIR156f 表达的调控可能在水稻遗传育种中具有应用意义。本研究开发了一种新的策略来调节季节性和再生稻的植物结构和谷物产量潜力。