Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are plant proteins believed to play an important role in the defense against plant pathogen fungals. PGIPs are glycoproteins located in plant cell wall which reduce the hydrolytic activity of polygalacturonases (PGs), limit the growth of plant pathogens, and also elicit defense responses in plant. Furthermore, PGIPs belong to the super family of leucine reach repeat (LRR) proteins which also include the products of several plant resistance genes. Many of the studies show the PGIP properties, molecular characteristics, and PGIP gene expression induced by some elicitors. Some of the studies review individual PGIP gene expression in different signal transduction pathways. This article summarizes the properties, different signal transduction mechanisms, detecting methods, transgenic plants, and function of PGIP. It also presents PGIP gene expression in different stages of maturity, tissues, and varieties. The review especially reports the particular PGIP gene expression induced by different biotic and abiotic stresses, offers some questions, and prospects the future study, which are needed in order to develop efficient strategies for disease-resistant plants. They may be useful for genetic engineering to obtain transgenic plants with increased tolerance to fungal infection, which decrease the use of insecticide.

中文翻译：

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聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白在植物防御中的作用。

聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白（PGIP）是植物蛋白，据信在防御植物病原体真菌中起着重要作用。PGIP是位于植物细胞壁上的糖蛋白，可降低多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PGs）的水解活性，限制植物病原体的生长，并在植物中引起防御反应。此外，PGIP属于亮氨酸重复序列（LRR）蛋白质的超家族，其中还包括几种植物抗性基因的产物。许多研究表明，某些诱发子可诱导PGIP特性，分子特征和PGIP基因表达。一些研究回顾了不同信号转导途径中单个PGIP基因的表达。本文概述了特性，不同的信号转导机制，检测方法，转基因植物，PGIP的功能 它还显示了PGIP基因在成熟，组织和品种的不同阶段的表达。该综述特别报道了由不同的生物和非生物胁迫诱导的特定PGIP基因表达，提出了一些问题，并展望了未来的研究，这是开发抗病植物的有效策略所必需的。它们可能对基因工程有用，以获得对真菌感染具有更高耐受性的转基因植物，从而减少了杀虫剂的使用。为开发抗病植物的有效策略所必需。它们可能对基因工程有用，以获得对真菌感染具有更高耐受性的转基因植物，从而减少了杀虫剂的使用。为开发抗病植物的有效策略所必需。它们可能对基因工程有用，以获得对真菌感染具有更高耐受性的转基因植物，从而减少了杀虫剂的使用。