The widespread use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) may result in the release of GMOs into the environment. The potential risks regarding their use and implementation of disposal methods, especially the possibility of novel genes from GMOs being transferred to natural organisms, need to be evaluated and better understood. There is an increasingly accepted public view that GMO products introduced into the environment should be degradable and should disappear after a limited period of time. Due to the risk of possible horizontal gene transfer, disposal methods for GMOs need to address destruction of both the organism and the genetic material. During the last two decades, we have developed a greater understanding of the biochemical, microbiological and molecular concepts of the composting process, such that maximum decomposition may be achieved in the shortest time with minimal negative impacts to the environment. The conditions created in a properly managed composting process environment may help in destroying GMOs and their genes, thereby reducing the risk of the spread of genetic material. When considering composting as a potential method for the disposal of GMOs, the establishment of controlled conditions providing an essentially homogenous environment appears to be an important requirement. An evaluation of composting as a safe option for disposal of GMOs is provided in this review.

中文翻译：

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堆肥：处理转基因生物的潜在安全过程。

转基因生物（GMO）的广泛使用可能会导致将GMO释放到环境中。关于使用和实施处置方法的潜在风险，尤其是来自转基因生物的新基因转移到天然生物中的可能性，需要进行评估和更好地理解。越来越多的公众意见认为，引入环境的转基因生物产品应该是可降解的，并应在有限的时间后消失。由于可能存在水平基因转移的风险，转基因生物的处置方法需要解决对生物体和遗传材料的破坏。在过去的二十年中，我们对堆肥过程的生化，微生物和分子概念有了更深入的了解，这样就可以在最短的时间内实现最大程度的分解，并且对环境的负面影响最小。在正确管理的堆肥过程环境中创造的条件可能有助于破坏转基因生物及其基因，从而降低遗传物质扩散的风险。当考虑将堆肥作为处理转基因生物的潜在方法时，建立提供基本均匀环境的受控条件似乎是一项重要要求。这篇评论对堆肥作为处置转基因生物的安全选择进行了评估。当考虑将堆肥作为处理转基因生物的潜在方法时，建立提供基本均匀环境的受控条件似乎是一项重要要求。这篇评论对堆肥作为处置转基因生物的安全选择进行了评估。当考虑将堆肥作为处理转基因生物的潜在方法时，建立提供基本均匀环境的受控条件似乎是一项重要要求。这篇评论对堆肥作为处置转基因生物的安全选择进行了评估。