The ability to optimize treatment for cancer based on individual risk assessment for normal tissue injury has important implications in oncology because more aggressive therapy may improve outcome in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. To achieve this goal, a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for radiation-induced toxicity will be essential. Recent research has shown that ionizing radiation triggers a series of genetic and molecular events that may lead to chronic, persistent alterations in the microenvironment, producing an aberrant wound healing response. Disrupted epithelial-stromal cell communication may also contribute to impaired wound healing. As a result of an improved understanding of these fundamental biologic responses to radiation, new approaches to the treatment and prevention of normal tissue injury will focus on correcting these disturbed molecular processes. Herein, we will summarize recent developments in this field, with an emphasis on the lung.

中文翻译：

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放射治疗后预防和治疗正常组织损伤的机制和潜在目标。

基于针对正常组织损伤的个体风险评估来优化癌症治疗的能力在肿瘤学中具有重要意义，因为更具攻击性的治疗可能会改善晚期非小细胞肺癌的治疗结果。为了实现这个目标，对引起辐射诱导的毒性的分子机制的透彻了解将是至关重要的。最近的研究表明，电离辐射会引发一系列遗传和分子事件，这些事件可能导致微环境发生长期持续的变化，从而产生异常的伤口愈合反应。上皮-间质细胞通讯中断也可能导致伤口愈合受损。由于对这些对辐射的基本生物学反应有了更好的了解，治疗和预防正常组织损伤的新方法将集中在纠正这些受干扰的分子过程上。在此，我们将总结该领域的最新发展，重点是肺。