Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a chronic and debilitating zoonotic larval cestode infection in humans, which is principally transmitted between dogs and domestic livestock, particularly sheep. Human CE occurs in almost all pastoral communities and rangeland areas of the underdeveloped and developed world. Control programmes against CE have been implemented in several endemic countries to reduce or eliminate the disease. New Zealand and Tasmania are examples of some of the first programmes to be undertaken (in insular territories) and which were very successful in the elimination of CE. The advent and proven effectiveness of praziquantel, plus the experience of insular models, produced high expectations for rapid advances in a second generation of control programmes undertaken in continental areas (Argentina, Uruguay and Chile). Nevertheless, only moderate gains in CE control have been made and the impact on prevalence among humans has been slight. A major impediment to the adoption of procedures that were successful in New Zealand and Tasmania has been the requirement to administer praziquantel to dogs in rural areas eight times per year over numerous years. In addition, there have been clear technological improvements made in the diagnosis of canine echinococcosis for surveillance, the genetic characterization of parasite strains and in vaccination against CE infection in livestock. In order to establish new paradigms and appropriate combinations of control strategies, we have carried out a review and discussion of the available control tools and control models. Control strategies must be suitable and sustainable to benefit the Echinococcosis–endemic areas primarily, which at the same time are the poorest regions of the world.

中文翻译：

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囊性棘球co病的控制：背景和前景。

粒状棘球caused虫引起的囊性棘球co病（CE）该病是人类的一种慢性且令人衰弱的人畜共患的幼虫尾部感染，主要在狗和家畜（尤其是绵羊）之间传播。人类不育症发生在欠发达和发达世界的几乎所有牧民社区和牧场地区。在一些流行国家已经实施了针对CE的控制计划，以减少或消除该病。新西兰和塔斯马尼亚州是在岛屿地区实施的一些首批计划的例子，这些计划在消除CE方面非常成功。吡喹酮的出现和经过验证的有效性，再加上孤立模型的经验，对在大陆地区（阿根廷，乌拉圭和智利）实施的第二代控制计划的快速发展产生了很高的期望。不过，在控制CE方面仅取得了中等程度的进步，并且对人类患病率的影响很小。在新西兰和塔斯马尼亚州成功采用该程序的一个主要障碍是，多年来要求每年向农村地区的狗狗施用吡喹酮8次。此外，在犬类埃奇球菌病的诊断，监测，寄生虫菌株的遗传表征以及针对牲畜中CE感染的疫苗接种方面，已有明显的技术改进。为了建立新的范例和适当的控制策略组合，我们对可用的控制工具和控制模型进行了回顾和讨论。控制策略必须是适当且可持续的，以使埃奇球虫病流行地区首先受益，