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Exploration of Genetic Variations through Single‐cell Whole‐genome Sequencing in the Model Ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila
Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-30 , DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12746
Kai Chen 1, 2 , Guangying Wang 1 , Jie Xiong 1 , Chuanqi Jiang 1 , Wei Miao 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Ciliates are unicellular eukaryotes with separate germline and somatic genomes and diverse life cycles, which make them a unique model to improve our understanding of population genetics through the detection of genetic variations. However, traditional sequencing methods cannot be directly applied to ciliates because the majority are uncultivated. Single‐cell whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) is a powerful tool for studying genetic variation in microbes, but no studies have been performed in ciliates. We compared the use of single‐cell WGS and bulk DNA WGS to detect genetic variation, specifically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Our analyses showed that (i) single‐cell WGS has excellent performance regarding mapping rate and genome coverage but lower sequencing uniformity compared with bulk DNA WGS due to amplification bias (which was reproducible); (ii) false‐positive SNP sites detected by single‐cell WGS tend to occur in genomic regions with particularly high sequencing depth and high rate of C:G to T:A base changes; (iii) SNPs detected in three or more cells should be reliable (an detection efficiency of 83.4–97.4% was obtained for combined data from three cells). This analytical method could be adapted to measure genetic variation in other ciliates and broaden research into ciliate population genetics.

中文翻译:

通过单细胞全基因组测序探索嗜热四膜虫模型纤毛虫的遗传变异

纤毛虫是单细胞真核生物,具有独立的种系和体细胞基因组以及不同的生命周期,这使它们成为通过检测遗传变异来提高我们对种群遗传学理解的独特模型。然而,传统的测序方法不能直接应用于纤毛虫,因为大多数是未培养的。单细胞全基因组测序(WGS)是研究微生物遗传变异的有力工具,但尚未在纤毛虫中进行研究。我们比较了使用单细胞 WGS 和大量 DNA WGS 来检测模型纤毛虫嗜热四膜虫中的遗传变异,特别是单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)。我们的分析表明 (i) 单细胞 WGS 在作图率和基因组覆盖率方面具有出色的性能,但由于扩增偏差(可重复),与散装 DNA WGS 相比,测序均匀性较低;(ii) 单细胞 WGS 检测到的假阳性 SNP 位点往往发生在测序深度特别高和 C:G 到 T:A 碱基变化率高的基因组区域;(iii) 在三个或更多细胞中检测到的 SNP 应该是可靠的(对来自三个细胞的组合数据获得 83.4-97.4% 的检测效率)。这种分析方法可用于测量其他纤毛虫的遗传变异,并扩大对纤毛虫种群遗传学的研究。(ii) 单细胞 WGS 检测到的假阳性 SNP 位点往往发生在测序深度特别高和 C:G 到 T:A 碱基变化率高的基因组区域;(iii) 在三个或更多细胞中检测到的 SNP 应该是可靠的(对来自三个细胞的组合数据获得 83.4-97.4% 的检测效率)。这种分析方法可用于测量其他纤毛虫的遗传变异,并扩大对纤毛虫种群遗传学的研究。(ii) 单细胞 WGS 检测到的假阳性 SNP 位点往往发生在测序深度特别高和 C:G 到 T:A 碱基变化率高的基因组区域;(iii) 在三个或更多细胞中检测到的 SNP 应该是可靠的(对来自三个细胞的组合数据获得 83.4-97.4% 的检测效率)。这种分析方法可用于测量其他纤毛虫的遗传变异,并扩大对纤毛虫种群遗传学的研究。
更新日期:2019-06-30
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