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Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection Incorporating the Involvement of Innate Host Defenses: Enhanced Translational Value of the Porcine Model.
ILAR Journal ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-27 , DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily009
Sofie M R Starbæk 1 , Louise Brogaard 1 , Harry D Dawson 2 , Allen D Smith 2 , Peter M H Heegaard 1 , Lars E Larsen 3 , Gregers Jungersen 1 , Kerstin Skovgaard 1
Affiliation  

Influenza is a viral respiratory disease having a major impact on public health. Influenza A virus (IAV) usually causes mild transitory disease in humans. However, in specific groups of individuals such as severely obese, the elderly, and individuals with underlying inflammatory conditions, IAV can cause severe illness or death. In this review, relevant small and large animal models for human IAV infection, including the pig, ferret, and mouse, are discussed. The focus is on the pig as a large animal model for human IAV infection as well as on the associated innate immune response. Pigs are natural hosts for the same IAV subtypes as humans, they develop clinical disease mirroring human symptoms, they have similar lung anatomy, and their respiratory physiology and immune responses to IAV infection are remarkably similar to what is observed in humans. The pig model shows high face and target validity for human IAV infection, making it suitable for modeling many aspects of influenza, including increased risk of severe disease and impaired vaccine response due to underlying pathologies such as low-grade inflammation. Comparative analysis of proteins involved in viral pattern recognition, interferon responses, and regulation of interferon-stimulated genes reveals a significantly higher degree of similarity between pig, ferret, and human compared with mice. It is concluded that the pig is a promising animal model displaying substantial human translational value with the ability to provide essential insights into IAV infection, pathogenesis, and immunity.

中文翻译:

包含先天宿主防御在内的甲型流感病毒感染的动物模型:猪模型的增强翻译价值。

流行性感冒是一种病毒性呼吸系统疾病,对公共卫生有重大影响。甲型流感病毒(IAV)通常会在人类中引起轻度暂时性疾病。但是,在特定人群中,例如严重肥胖,老年人和有潜在炎症的人群,IAV可能导致严重的疾病或死亡。在这篇综述中,讨论了有关人类IAV感染的大小动物模型,包括猪,雪貂和小鼠。重点是作为人类IAV感染的大型动物模型的猪以及相关的先天免疫反应。猪是与人类相同的IAV亚型的天然宿主,它们发展出反映人类症状的临床疾病,它们具有相似的肺部解剖结构,它们的呼吸生理和对IAV感染的免疫反应与人类观察到的非常相似。猪模型显示出对人IAV感染具有较高的面部和靶标有效性,使其适合于对流感的许多方面进行建模,包括由于潜在病理(例如低度炎症)导致的严重疾病风险增加和疫苗反应受损。对参与病毒模式识别,干扰素应答和干扰素刺激基因调控的蛋白质进行的比较分析显示,与小鼠相比,猪,雪貂和人之间的相似度明显更高。结论是,猪是一种有前途的动物模型,显示出实质性的人类转化价值,并能够提供有关IAV感染,发病机理和免疫力的重要见解。猪模型显示出对人IAV感染具有较高的面部和靶标有效性,使其适合于对流感的许多方面进行建模,包括由于潜在病理(例如低度炎症)导致的严重疾病风险增加和疫苗反应受损。对参与病毒模式识别,干扰素应答和干扰素刺激基因调控的蛋白质进行的比较分析显示,与小鼠相比,猪,雪貂和人之间的相似度明显更高。结论是,猪是一种有前途的动物模型,显示出实质性的人类转化价值,并能够提供有关IAV感染,发病机理和免疫力的重要见解。猪模型显示出对人IAV感染具有较高的面部和靶标有效性,使其适合于对流感的许多方面进行建模,包括由于潜在病理(例如低度炎症)导致的严重疾病风险增加和疫苗反应受损。对参与病毒模式识别,干扰素应答和干扰素刺激基因调控的蛋白质进行的比较分析显示,与小鼠相比,猪,雪貂和人之间的相似度明显更高。结论是,猪是一种有前途的动物模型,显示出实质性的人类转化价值,并能够提供有关IAV感染,发病机理和免疫力的重要见解。包括由于潜在疾病(例如低度炎症)导致的严重疾病风险增加和疫苗反应受损。对参与病毒模式识别,干扰素应答和干扰素刺激基因调控的蛋白质进行的比较分析显示,与小鼠相比,猪,雪貂和人之间的相似度明显更高。结论是,猪是一种有前途的动物模型,显示出实质性的人类转化价值,并能够提供有关IAV感染,发病机理和免疫力的重要见解。包括由于潜在疾病(例如低度炎症)导致的严重疾病风险增加和疫苗反应受损。对参与病毒模式识别,干扰素应答和干扰素刺激基因调控的蛋白质进行的比较分析显示,与小鼠相比,猪,雪貂和人之间的相似度明显更高。结论是,猪是一种有前途的动物模型,显示出实质性的人类转化价值,并能够提供有关IAV感染,发病机理和免疫力的重要见解。干扰素刺激基因的调控表明与小鼠相比,猪,雪貂和人之间的相似度明显更高。结论是,猪是一种有前途的动物模型,显示出实质性的人类转化价值,并能够提供有关IAV感染,发病机理和免疫力的重要见解。干扰素刺激基因的调控表明与小鼠相比,猪,雪貂和人之间的相似度明显更高。结论是,猪是一种有前途的动物模型,显示出实质性的人类转化价值,并能够提供有关IAV感染,发病机理和免疫力的重要见解。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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