Staging of the mediastinum for lung cancer has matured dramatically with the advent of newer technologies in imaging and endoscopic surveillance. Some of these technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET) scanning are becoming mainstream in the evaluation of patients with clinically suspicious mediastinal disease as seen on computed tomography (CT), while others such as endobronchial ultrasound are reserved for specialty expertise and await validation. While much improvement has been made in the accurate preoperative staging of patients having surgery as the primary modality in lung cancer, controversy exists regarding the restaging of locally advanced cases after induction chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. A major concentration on these restaging issues is warranted since it is now generally agreed that sterilization of the mediastinum after induction therapy has an impact on the prognosis of patients with stage IIIA disease, and accurate staging after therapy may rationally guide diverse therapeutic interventions in these patients.

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2005年纵隔分期：图片，合并范围和手术刀。

随着影像学和内窥镜监测的新技术的出现，纵隔肺癌的分期已经显着成熟。这些技术中的一些技术（例如正电子发射断层扫描（PET）扫描）已成为评估计算机断层摄影（CT）上临床可疑纵隔疾病患者的主流，而其他技术（例如支气管内超声）则留作专业知识并等待验证。尽管在以肺癌为主要治疗手段的外科手术患者的准确术前分期方面已取得了很大的进步，但在诱导化疗或放化疗后对局部晚期病例的再分期存在争议。