The 5-year survival rates for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranges from 9% to 61% following resection, depending on clinical stage; survival rates post-surgery (pathologic stage) range from 25% to 67%. Most stage I and II patients eventually experience recurrent disease: two thirds occur systemically, one third locally. Surgical resection remains the standard of care in early stage NSCLC, although the role of surgery in stage IIIA [N 2 ] disease is controversial. Despite resection, the vast majority of lung cancer patients will experience recurrent and/or metastatic disease; therefore, supplementing surgery with adjuvant therapy is a rational treatment strategy. Recent data indicate that adjuvant chemotherapy should now be considered the standard of care for the treatment of patients with completely resected early stage NSCLC, with the single exception of patients with stage IA disease, where the prognosis is relatively favorable and there is currently no evidence supporting the efficacy of adjuvant therapy. While recent data from trials of adjuvant chemotherapy have shown promising results, no study has yet compared the utility of adjuvant versus neoadjuvant, or induction, chemotherapy. From the current data, more than 90% of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy undergo the planned surgical resection. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may also downstage the disease before surgery and decrease perioperative tumor seeding, and molecularly targeted approaches with neoadjuvant therapy appear promising.

中文翻译：

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非小细胞肺癌的辅助和新辅助治疗。

非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者切除后的5年生存率在9％到61％之间，具体取决于临床阶段。手术后（病理分期）的生存率从25％到67％不等。大多数I和II期患者最终都会复发疾病：三分之二全身发生，三分之一发生在局部。尽管手术在IIIA期[N 2]疾病中的作用尚存争议，但手术切除仍是NSCLC早期阶段的护理标准。尽管进行了切除术，绝大多数肺癌患者仍会复发和/或转移性疾病。因此，辅助治疗补充手术是一种合理的治疗策略。最近的数据表明，辅助化疗已经被视为完全切除早期NSCLC患者的治疗标准，IA期患者除外，其预后相对较好，目前尚无证据支持辅助治疗的疗效。尽管来自辅助化疗试验的最新数据显示了令人鼓舞的结果，但尚无研究将辅助化疗与新辅助化疗或诱导化疗的效用进行比较。从当前数据来看，接受新辅助化疗的患者中有90％以上接受了计划的手术切除。新辅助化疗也可能在手术前降低疾病的发病率并减少围手术期肿瘤的播种，新辅助治疗的分子靶向方法似乎很有希望。预后相对较好且目前尚无证据支持辅助治疗的疗效。尽管来自辅助化疗试验的最新数据显示了令人鼓舞的结果，但尚无研究将辅助化疗与新辅助化疗或诱导化疗的效用进行比较。从当前数据来看，接受新辅助化疗的患者中有90％以上接受了计划的手术切除。新辅助化疗也可能在手术前降低疾病的发病率，并减少围手术期肿瘤的播种，新辅助治疗的分子靶向方法似乎很有希望。预后相对较好且目前尚无证据支持辅助治疗的疗效。尽管来自辅助化疗试验的最新数据显示了令人鼓舞的结果，但尚无研究将辅助化疗与新辅助化疗或诱导化疗的效用进行比较。从当前数据来看，接受新辅助化疗的患者中有90％以上接受了计划的手术切除。新辅助化疗也可能在手术前降低疾病的发病率并减少围手术期肿瘤的播种，新辅助治疗的分子靶向方法似乎很有希望。接受新辅助化疗的患者中有90％以上接受了计划的手术切除。新辅助化疗也可能在手术前降低疾病的发病率并减少围手术期肿瘤的播种，新辅助治疗的分子靶向方法似乎很有希望。接受新辅助化疗的患者中有90％以上接受了计划的手术切除。新辅助化疗也可能在手术前降低疾病的发病率并减少围手术期肿瘤的播种，新辅助治疗的分子靶向方法似乎很有希望。