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Clinical prediction of the sleep apnea syndrome.
Sleep Medicine Reviews ( IF 11.2 ) Pub Date : 2004-08-18 , DOI: 10.1016/s1087-0792(97)90003-4
W Ward Flemons 1 , W T McNicholas
Affiliation  

Polysomnography, the standard diagnostic test for people suspected of having sleep apnea, is a limited resource due to its expense. Decisions about which patients to refer to a sleep center and which require polysomnography can be made based on an estimate of the probability that they have sleep apnea. Clinical features that are associated with the severity of sleep apnea, as judged by the apnea-hypopnea index, can be combined together using statistical modeling into a clinical prediction rule, whose diagnostic performance can be summarized by its sensitivity and specificity or by likelihood ratios. To date, at least seven different sleep apnea clinical prediction rules have been developed, most incorporate anthropomorphic variables such as the body mass index, waist circumference, and/or neck circumference, and some type of abnormal respiration during sleep (snoring, apneas, choking and/or gasping) witnessed by a bed partner. In general these rules have reasonably high sensitivities but only intermediate specificities, thus they can be useful in excluding the diagnosis but do not usually raise the probability of sleep apnea high enough to warrant initiating therapy without at least some type of additional testing to confirm the diagnosis. In isolation the apnea-hypopnea index is not an optimal indicator of disease severity, thus ultimately clinical decisions about the need for polysomnography and/or the need for treatment must take into account other important clinical information such as symptom severity, quality of life, and the presence or absence of comorbid illness.

中文翻译:

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的临床预测。

多导睡眠图是怀疑有睡眠呼吸暂停的人的标准诊断测试,由于费用昂贵,因此资源有限。可以基于对他们有睡眠呼吸暂停的可能性的估计,来决定哪些患者需要转诊至睡眠中心以及哪些患者需要进行多导睡眠监测。可以将通过呼吸暂停-低通气指数判断的与睡眠呼吸暂停的严重程度相关的临床特征结合起来,使用统计模型合并为临床预测规则,其诊断性能可以通过其敏感性和特异性或似然比来概括。迄今为止,至少已经制定了七个不同的睡眠呼吸暂停临床预测规则,其中大多数都包含拟人变量,例如体重指数,腰围和/或颈围,以及伴侣的睡眠中出现的某种异常呼吸(打type,呼吸暂停,窒息和/或喘气)。通常,这些规则具有较高的敏感性,但仅具有中等特异性,因此它们可用于排除诊断,但通常不会将睡眠呼吸暂停的可能性提高到足够高的水平,以确保无需另外进行某种类型的额外检查即可确认诊断的开始治疗。孤立地,呼吸暂停-呼吸不足指数并不是疾病严重程度的最佳指标,因此最终关于多导睡眠图和/或治疗需求的临床决策必须考虑其他重要的临床信息,例如症状严重程度,生活质量和是否存在合并症。通常,这些规则具有较高的敏感性,但仅具有中等特异性,因此它们可用于排除诊断,但通常不会将睡眠呼吸暂停的可能性提高到足够高的水平,以确保无需另外进行某种类型的额外检查即可确认诊断的开始治疗。孤立地,呼吸暂停-呼吸不足指数并不是疾病严重程度的最佳指标,因此最终关于多导睡眠图和/或治疗需求的临床决策必须考虑其他重要的临床信息,例如症状严重程度,生活质量和是否存在合并症。通常,这些规则具有较高的敏感性,但仅具有中等特异性,因此它们可用于排除诊断,但通常不会将睡眠呼吸暂停的可能性提高到足够高的水平,以确保无需另外进行某种类型的额外检查即可确认诊断的开始治疗。孤立地,呼吸暂停-呼吸不足指数并不是疾病严重程度的最佳指标,因此最终关于多导睡眠图和/或治疗需求的临床决策必须考虑其他重要的临床信息,例如症状严重程度,生活质量和是否存在合并症。因此,它们可用于排除诊断,但通常不会将睡眠呼吸暂停的可能性提高到足以保证开始治疗的水平,而无需至少某种类型的附加测试来确认诊断。孤立地,呼吸暂停-呼吸不足指数并不是疾病严重程度的最佳指标,因此最终关于多导睡眠图和/或治疗需求的临床决策必须考虑其他重要的临床信息,例如症状严重程度,生活质量和是否存在合并症。因此,它们可用于排除诊断,但通常不会将睡眠呼吸暂停的可能性提高到足以保证开始治疗的水平,而无需至少某种类型的附加测试来确认诊断。孤立地,呼吸暂停-呼吸不足指数并不是疾病严重程度的最佳指标,因此最终关于多导睡眠图和/或治疗需求的临床决策必须考虑其他重要的临床信息,例如症状严重程度,生活质量和是否存在合并症。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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