Pathologically severe daytime sleepiness is one of the main symptoms seen in a respiratory sleep clinic and is due to repeated arousal from sleep. Which types of arousal are most important in causing this is uncertain and most studies have only found loose relationships between indices of arousal frequency and the severity of the ensuing daytime sleepiness. Recent attempts to improve these disappointing correlations have concentrated on detecting more minor arousal events through the use of novel EEG signal analysis techniques and non-EEG based signals such as blood pressure and heart rate. To date there are no good data sets which allow the relative merits of these various techniques to be compared and it is unclear whether these efforts to increase the sensitivity of arousal detection will lead to improvements in the clinical usefulness of sleep fragmentation scoring. Studies which relate both the traditional indices of sleep fragmentation and the newer methodologies to clinically relevant reference standards (such as measured excessive daytime sleepiness) are needed to clarify these issues.

中文翻译：

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什么是唤醒，应该如何量化？

病理严重的白天嗜睡是呼吸睡眠诊所发现的主要症状之一，并且是由于反复引起睡眠引起的。哪种类型的唤醒在引起这种情况中最重要是不确定的，大多数研究仅发现唤醒频率的指标与随之而来的白天嗜睡的严重程度之间存在松散的关系。改善这些令人失望的相关性的最新尝试集中在通过使用新颖的EEG信号分析技术和非基于EEG的信号（例如血压和心率）来检测更小的唤醒事件。迄今为止，尚无可比较这些各种技术相对优点的良好数据集，目前尚不清楚这些提高唤醒检测灵敏度的努力是否会导致睡眠碎片评分的临床实用性的改善。需要进行研究，将传统的睡眠破碎指数和较新的方法学与临床相关的参考标准（例如，白天过度嗜睡所测得的）相关联，以澄清这些问题。