Physical trauma to the brain has always been known to affect brain functions and subsequent neurobiological development. Research primarily since the early 1990s has shown that psychological trauma can have detrimental effects on brain function that are not only lasting but that may alter patterns of subsequent neurodevelopment, particularly in children although developmental effects may be seen in adults as well. Childhood trauma produces a diverse range of symptoms and defining the brain's response to trauma and the factors that mediate the body's stress response systems is at the forefront of scientific investigation. This paper reviews the current evidence relating psychological trauma to anatomical and functional changes in the brain and discusses the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment to minimize such effects and to recognize their existence in developing treatment programs.

中文翻译：

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心理创伤的神经生物学效应的临床观点。

众所周知，对大脑的身体创伤会影响大脑功能和随后的神经生物学发育。自1990年代初以来的主要研究表明，心理创伤可能不仅持续而且会对大脑功能产生有害影响，但可能会改变随后的神经发育模式，特别是在儿童中，尽管在成年人中也可能出现发育影响。童年创伤会产生各种各样的症状，并定义大脑对创伤的反应，而介导人体压力反应系统的因素则处于科学研究的最前沿。