Chronic consumption of several drugs of abuse (cannabis, stimulants, opioids) has been associated with the presence of neuropsychological impairments in a broad range of functions. Nevertheless, in recent years neuropsychological research on substance abuse has focused on the study of impairments in the executive functions linked to the prefrontal cortex and their influence on the personality, cognitions, and behaviors of the substance abusers. The aim of our review is, first, to summarize the main neuropsychological impairments shown by classic studies, as well as these new discoveries in executive functioning; second, to consider the mediating role of neuropsychological status on treatment outcomes and analyze the impact of these impairments in clinical practice with drug addicts; and third, to review the principal methodological challenges associated with research in the field of the neuropsychology of substance abuse. We also highlight the convenience of intervening in those functions most relevant to the abusers' persistence in consumption and risk of relapse.

中文翻译：

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大麻，兴奋剂和阿片类药物滥用的神经心理学相关性研究中的临床意义和方法挑战。

长期服用几种滥用药物（大麻，兴奋剂，阿片类药物）与多种功能的神经心理学障碍有关。然而，近年来，关于药物滥用的神经心理学研究集中于研究与前额叶皮层相关的执行功能的损害及其对药物滥用者的性格，认知和行为的影响。我们审查的目的是，首先总结经典研究显示的主要神经心理学障碍，以及执行功能方面的这些新发现。第二，考虑神经心理学状态对治疗结果的中介作用，并分析这些障碍在吸毒者临床实践中的影响；第三，回顾与药物滥用神经心理学领域的研究相关的主要方法挑战。我们还强调了干预那些与滥用者的持久性消费和复发风险最相关的功能的便利性。