Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and among its modifiable risk factors are dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking. Experimental models evaluated this risk factors singly, however, there is a lack of models that agglomerate these risk factors, resembling real patients and elucidating the pathophysiology of CVD. Moreover, few studies have investigated the cardioprotective effects of Baccharis trimera, a species with lipid-lowering effects. In this study, ethanol-soluble fraction of B. trimera was characterized by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in Wistar rats that also received 0.5% cholesterol-enriched chow and were exposed to the smoke of nine cigarettes, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. During the last 2 weeks, the animals were treated with vehicle (C⁻), B. trimera, or simvastatin plus insulin. At the end, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and creatinine levels; blood pressure (BP); heart rate (HR); abdominal aortic morphometry; vascular reactivity; renal and cardiac oxidative status; and histopathological changes were evaluated. The agglomerate of risk factors promoted alterations contrary to those described in the literature for the isolated risk factors. The C⁻ group exhibited oxidative stress, increase in biochemical parameters, and thickening of the wall of the abdominal aorta. HR, systolic, diastolic, and mean BP decreased, and vascular reactivity was altered. Cardiac and renal histopathological changes were observed. Treatment with B. trimera reversed these changes and this effect may be partially attributable to lipid-lowering action and to the inhibition of free radical generation. B. trimera has cardioprotective effects in this model, with no toxicity.

中文翻译：

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Baccharis trimera（Less。）DC：针对多种心血管疾病危险因素的创新性心脏保护草药。

心血管疾病（CVD）是全球主要的死亡原因，其可改变的危险因素包括血脂异常，糖尿病和吸烟。实验模型仅对这些危险因素进行了评估，但是，缺乏将这些危险因素凝聚在一起，类似于真实患者并阐明CVD病理生理的模型。此外，很少有研究研究具有降血脂作用的物种三叶芽孢杆菌的心脏保护作用。在这项研究中，B。trimera的乙醇可溶级分用液相色谱-质谱法表征。链脲佐菌素在Wistar大鼠中诱发糖尿病，该大鼠也接受了0.5％富含胆固醇的食物，并以9支烟的烟雾暴露，每周5天，持续4周。在过去的2周，将动物用车辆（C治疗^- ，）B.三聚体，或辛伐他汀+胰岛素。最后，胆固醇，甘油三酸酯，尿素和肌酐水平；血压（BP）；心率（HR）; 腹主动脉形态 血管反应性 肾脏和心脏的氧化状态；并评估组织病理学变化。危险因素的聚集促进了变化，这与文献中有关孤立危险因素的描述相反。的C ^-组表现出氧化应激，生化参数增加和腹主动脉壁增厚。HR，收缩压，舒张压和平均BP降低，血管反应性改变。观察到心脏和肾脏的组织病理学变化。用曲霉双歧杆菌治疗逆转了这些变化，这种作用可能部分归因于降脂作用和对自由基生成的抑制。B. trimera在此模型中具有心脏保护作用，没有毒性。