Donor blood is usually screened for some risk factors, such as hepatitis, HIV, and malarial parasites, but it is not routinely screened for heavy metals although their adverse effects on the human body have been proved by a number of studies. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the effect of smoking on concentration of cadmium, nickel, and lead in donor blood. A semistructured questionnaire was prepared and given to participants. It showed that 79% (two groups: 65 smokers and 65 nonsmokers) smoked at least one cigarette per day. Collected blood samples were then subjected to atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). In comparing blood levels between smoking and nonsmoking participants, we noted a high positive correlation between lead and nickel concentrations. There were statistically significant correlations between cadmium, lead, and nickel concentrations in the blood of smokers and nonsmokers. Moreover, because a substantial percentage of blood donors may be smokers and blood donation does not always meet demand, it would be difficult to completely exclude smokers from donating blood. Our findings indicate the need to screen for heavy metals when transfusing blood to the elderly, neonates, and infants, and to avoid transfusion of blood and blood products if levels are in the toxic range.

中文翻译：

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与吸烟相关的献血者中铅，镉和镍的分析-比较研究。

通常对供体血液进行某些危险因素的筛查，例如肝炎，HIV和疟疾寄生虫，但是尽管许多研究已经证明了重金属对人体的不利影响，但并未常规筛查重金属。在这项研究中，试图确定吸烟对供血中镉，镍和铅浓度的影响。编写了一份半结构的问卷，并提供给参与者。结果表明，有79％（两组：65名吸烟者和65名非吸烟者）每天至少抽烟。然后将收集的血液样本进行原子吸收光谱法（AAS）。在比较吸烟和不吸烟参与者的血液水平时，我们注意到铅和镍浓度之间存在高度正相关。镉，铅，以及吸烟者和非吸烟者血液中的镍浓度。此外，由于很大比例的献血者可能是吸烟者，而且献血并不总是能满足需求，因此很难将吸烟者完全排除在献血之外。我们的发现表明，在将血液输给老人，新生儿和婴儿时，有必要筛查重金属，如果毒性水平处于一定水平，则应避免输血和输血。