To date, there have been no long-term longitudinal studies of continuity and change in narcissism. This study investigated rank-order consistency and mean-level changes in overall narcissism and 3 of its facets (leadership, vanity, and entitlement) over a 23-year period spanning young adulthood (Mage = 18, N = 486) to midlife (Mage = 41, N = 237). We also investigated whether life experiences predicted changes in narcissism from young adulthood to midlife, and whether young adult narcissism predicted life experiences assessed in midlife. Narcissism and its facets showed strong rank-order consistency from age 18 to 41, with latent correlations ranging from .61 to .85. We found mean-level decreases in overall narcissism (d = -0.79) and all 3 facets, namely leadership (d = -0.67), vanity (d = -0.46), and entitlement (d = -0.82). Participants who were in supervisory positions showed smaller decreases in leadership, and participants who experienced more unstable relationships and who were physically healthier showed smaller decreases in vanity from young adulthood to middle age. Analyses of the long-term correlates of narcissism showed that young adults with higher narcissism and leadership levels were more likely to be in supervisory positions in middle age. Young adults with higher vanity levels had fewer children and were more likely to divorce by middle age. Together, the findings suggest that people tend to become less narcissistic from young adulthood to middle age, and the magnitude of this decline is related to the particular career and family pathways a person pursues during this stage of life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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你还是那么虚荣：从青壮年到中年的自恋转变。


迄今为止，还没有对自恋的连续性和变化进行长期纵向研究。这项研究调查了从青年期（法师 = 18，N = 486）到中年（法师= 41，N = 237）。我们还调查了生活经历是否预测了从青年期到中年的自恋变化，以及青年期自恋是否预测了中年评估的生活经历。从 18 岁到 41 岁，自恋及其各个方面表现出很强的排序一致性，潜在相关性范围为 0.61 到 0.85。我们发现整体自恋 (d = -0.79) 和所有 3 个方面的平均水平下降，即领导力 (d = -0.67)、虚荣心 (d = -0.46) 和权利 (d = -0.82)。从青年期到中年，担任主管职位的参与者的领导力下降幅度较小，经历过不稳定关系和身体健康的参与者的虚荣心下降幅度较小。对自恋的长期相关性的分析表明，自恋和领导水平较高的年轻人在中年更有可能担任主管职位。虚荣心较高的年轻人生育的孩子较少，而且到中年离婚的可能性也更大。总之，研究结果表明，从青年期到中年，人们的自恋倾向会降低，而且这种下降的程度与一个人在这个人生阶段追求的特定职业和家庭道路有关。 （PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。