The morphologies of cell membranes, and specifically the local curvature distributions are determined either by its intrinsic components such as lipids and membrane-associated proteins or by the adhesion forces due to membrane interactions with the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM) and other cells in the tissue, as well as physical variables such as membrane and frame tensions. We present a computational analysis for a model of pinned membranes based on the dynamically triangulated Monte Carlo (MC) model for membranes. We show that membrane adhesion to ECM or a substrate promotes curvature generation on cell membranes, and this process depends on the excess area, or equivalently membrane tension, and the density of adhesion sites. This biophysics based model predicts adhesion induced biogenesis of microvesicles in cell membranes. For a moderate density of adhesion sites and high excess membrane area, an increase in membrane tension can result in the formation of microvesicles and tubules on the membrane. We also demonstrate the significance of intrinsically curved proteins in promoting vesiculation on pinned membranes. The results presented here are relevant to the understanding of microvesicle biogenesis and curved membrane topographies due to physical factors such as substrate stiffness and ECM interactions.

中文翻译：

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在存在可逆的粘合剂钉扎相互作用的情况下，松弛和紧张的膜中出现的膜形态。

细胞膜的形态，特别是局部曲率分布，要么由其固有成分（例如脂质和膜相关蛋白）决定，要么由膜与细胞骨架、细胞外基质（ECM）和细胞中其他细胞相互作用所产生的粘附力决定。组织，以及物理变量，例如膜和框架张力。我们基于膜的动态三角蒙特卡罗 (MC) 模型对固定膜模型进行了计算分析。我们表明，膜对 ECM 或基底的粘附促进了细胞膜上曲率的产生，并且该过程取决于多余的面积或等效的膜张力以及粘附位点的密度。这种基于生物物理学的模型预测细胞膜中微泡的粘附诱导生物发生。对于中等密度的粘附位点和高过量的膜面积，膜张力的增加可能导致膜上微泡和小管的形成。我们还证明了本质弯曲的蛋白质在促进固定膜上的囊泡形成方面的重要性。这里提出的结果与理解微泡生物发生和由于基质刚度和 ECM 相互作用等物理因素导致的弯曲膜形貌相关。