Leaf initiation at the shoot apical meristem involves a balance between cell proliferation and commitment to make primordia. Several genes, such as CLAVATA1, CLAVATA3, WUSCHEL, KNOTTED1, and PHANTASTICA, play key roles in these processes. When expressed in the leaf primordium, however, these 'meristem' genes can profoundly affect leaf shape and size, possibly by regulating hormone gradients and transport. The KNOTTED1-like genes are involved in regulating changes in hormonal levels. Recent studies have elaborated on the role that hormones, such as auxin, play in releasing biophysical constraints on leaf initiation and growth. Final leaf form is elaborated by a coordination of these hormonally regulated processes, cell division and cellular differentiation.

中文翻译：

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整形：叶形的遗传控制。

茎尖分生组织处的叶片萌发涉及细胞增殖与原基形成之间的平衡。几个基因，例如CLAVATA1，CLAVATA3，WUSCHEL，KNOTTED1和PHANTASTICA，在这些过程中起关键作用。但是，当在叶片原基中表达时，这些“分生组织”基因可能会通过调节激素梯度和转运来深刻影响叶片的形状和大小。类KNOTTED1基因参与调节激素水平的变化。最近的研究已经详细阐明了激素（例如生长素）在释放对叶片萌发和生长的生物物理约束方面所起的作用。通过协调这些激素调控的过程，细胞分裂和细胞分化，可以形成最终的叶形。