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Learning at a distance I. Statistical learning of non-adjacent dependencies
Cognitive Psychology ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2004-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/s0010-0285(03)00128-2
Elissa L Newport 1 , Richard N Aslin
Affiliation  

In earlier work we have shown that adults, young children, and infants are capable of computing transitional probabilities among adjacent syllables in rapidly presented streams of speech, and of using these statistics to group adjacent syllables into word-like units. In the present experiments we ask whether adult learners are also capable of such computations when the only available patterns occur in non-adjacent elements. In the first experiment, we present streams of speech in which precisely the same kinds of syllable regularities occur as in our previous studies, except that the patterned relations among syllables occur between non-adjacent syllables (with an intervening syllable that is unrelated). Under these circumstances we do not obtain our previous results: learners are quite poor at acquiring regular relations among non-adjacent syllables, even when the patterns are objectively quite simple. In subsequent experiments we show that learners are, in contrast, quite capable of acquiring patterned relations among non-adjacent segments-both non-adjacent consonants (with an intervening vocalic segment that is unrelated) and non-adjacent vowels (with an intervening consonantal segment that is unrelated). Finally, we discuss why human learners display these strong differences in learning differing types of non-adjacent regularities, and we conclude by suggesting that these contrasts in learnability may account for why human languages display non-adjacent regularities of one type much more widely than non-adjacent regularities of the other type.

中文翻译:

远程学习一、非相邻依赖的统计学习

在早期的工作中,我们已经表明,成人、幼儿和婴儿能够计算快速呈现的语音流中相邻音节之间的转换概率,并使用这些统计数据将相邻音节分组为类似单词的单位。在目前的实验中,我们询问当唯一可用的模式出现在非相邻元素中时,成人学习者是否也能够进行此类计算。在第一个实验中,我们展示了语音流,其中出现与我们之前研究中完全相同的音节规律,除了音节之间的模式关系发生在不相邻的音节之间(中间有一个无关的音节)。在这些情况下,我们无法获得之前的结果:学习者很难获得不相邻的音节之间的规则关系,即使这些模式客观上非常简单。在随后的实验中,我们表明,相比之下,学习者非常有能力获得非相邻音段之间的模式化关系——非相邻辅音(具有不相关的插入声部)和非相邻元音(具有插入辅音段)那是无关的)。最后,我们讨论了为什么人类学习者在学习不同类型的非相邻规律时表现出这些强烈的差异,我们得出的结论是,这些可学习性的对比可能解释了为什么人类语言比非相邻规律更广泛地显示一种类型的非相邻规律。 -其他类型的相邻规律。在随后的实验中,我们表明,相比之下,学习者非常有能力获得非相邻音段之间的模式化关系——非相邻辅音(具有不相关的插入声部)和非相邻元音(具有插入辅音段)那是无关的)。最后,我们讨论了为什么人类学习者在学习不同类型的非相邻规律时表现出这些强烈的差异,我们得出的结论是,这些可学习性的对比可能解释了为什么人类语言比非相邻规律更广泛地显示一种类型的非相邻规律。 -其他类型的相邻规律。在随后的实验中,我们表明,相比之下,学习者非常有能力获得非相邻音段之间的模式化关系——非相邻辅音(具有不相关的插入声部)和非相邻元音(具有插入辅音段)那是无关的)。最后,我们讨论了为什么人类学习者在学习不同类型的非相邻规律时表现出这些强烈的差异,我们得出的结论是,这些可学习性的对比可能解释了为什么人类语言比非相邻规律更广泛地显示一种类型的非相邻规律。 -其他类型的相邻规律。非常有能力获得非相邻段之间的模式关系 - 非相邻辅音(具有无关的插入声部)和非相邻元音(具有无关的插入辅音段)。最后,我们讨论了为什么人类学习者在学习不同类型的非相邻规律时表现出这些强烈的差异,我们得出的结论是,这些可学习性的对比可能解释了为什么人类语言比非相邻规律更广泛地显示一种类型的非相邻规律。 -其他类型的相邻规律。非常有能力获得非相邻段之间的模式关系 - 非相邻辅音(具有无关的插入声部)和非相邻元音(具有无关的插入辅音段)。最后,我们讨论了为什么人类学习者在学习不同类型的非相邻规律时表现出这些强烈的差异,我们得出的结论是,这些可学习性的对比可能解释了为什么人类语言比非相邻规律更广泛地显示一种类型的非相邻规律。 -其他类型的相邻规律。
更新日期:2004-03-01
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