Beginning with excavations during the 1970s, Vindija Cave (Croatia) has yielded significant Middle and Upper Paleolithic fossil and archaeological finds. We report on seven recently identified hominid fossils, a newly associated partial hominid cranial vault from level G(3), nine possible bone retouchers, and a revised interpretation of the Mousterian artifact assemblage from the site. This new information reinforces our knowledge of the complex biocultural phenomena revealed in unit G and earlier deposits at Vindija. Six of the new hominid fossils derive from stratigraphic units G and I, while one lacks exact provenience. All specimens preserving diagnostic anatomy are from Neandertals. One of the postcranial remains, a radius fragment which exhibits Neandertal-like anatomy, comes from level G(1)and is congruent with the previously established association of Neandertals with an early Upper Paleolithic industry at the site. The partial cranial vault represents the most complete Neandertal from Vindija. The possible retouchers derive from unit G. Our analysis of these artifacts suggests that both percussion and pressure techniques may have been used by Neandertals in the final stage of tool production (retouching). This paper also presents a revision of the artifact analysis for late Mousterian level G(3). We separated raw materials into two main groups due to the differing ways that the materials fracture and the differing morphology of the debitage. The use of raw material in level G(3)is different from earlier Middle Paleolithic levels at Vindija. This indicates that the G(3)late Neandertals were making choices regarding source material somewhat more like the Upper Paleolithic people at the site. When interpreted within a larger regional framework, the Vindija archaeological and hominid fossil remains demonstrate a complex, mosaic pattern of biocultural change in the Late Pleistocene of south-central Europe.

中文翻译：

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来自克罗地亚Vindija Cave的原始人类化石和人工制品的新发现和解释。

从1970年代的发掘开始，Vindija洞（克罗地亚）已产生了大量的中，旧石器时代的化石和考古发现。我们报告了七个最近发现的原始人化石，一个新关联的来自G（3）级的局部原始人颅颅穹顶，九个可能的骨骼修饰物以及该站点对穆斯特人工制品组合的修订解释。这些新信息使我们对G单元和Vindija早期矿床中揭示的复杂生物文化现象的认识更加丰富。新的原始人化石中有六种来自地层单位G和I，而其中一个缺乏确切的物证。所有保留诊断性解剖结构的标本均来自尼安德特人。其中一个颅后遗迹，一个a骨碎片，表现出尼安德特人式的解剖结构，来自G（1）级，与以前建立的尼安德特人协会和该地区早期的上旧石器时代的工业一致。颅顶穹ault代表了来自Vindija的最完整的尼安德特人。可能的润饰材料来自G单元。我们对这些工件的分析表明，尼安德特人在工具生产（润饰）的最后阶段可能已经使用了敲击和加压技术。本文还提出了对后期Mousterian级G（3）的伪影分析的修订。由于原料破裂的方式不同以及借方的形态不同，我们将原料分为两大类。G（3）级中原材料的使用与Vindija早期的旧石器时代中期不同。这表明，G（3）晚期尼安德特人在选择源材料方面有些选择，例如该地点的上旧石器时代的人。在更大的区域框架内进行解释时，Vindija考古和原始化石遗迹显示出欧洲中南部晚更新世生物文化变化的复杂，镶嵌格局。