Although the cure of acute leukaemia has improved significantly, many patients will still relapse and die. The unraveling of the molecular pathogenesis of acute leukaemia has lead to the identification of new prognostic factors and improved the detection of minimal residual disease. The treatment of relapsed acute leukaemia with chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory. Allogeneic or autologous blood and marrow transplant (BMT) can cure a subset of patients with relapsed acute leukaemia. The identification of the graft-vs-leukaemia (GVL) effect has lead to the development of donor lymphocyte infusions to re-induce remission in patients with relapsed leukaemia after allogeneic BMT and also stimulated the development of the less toxic nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplant approach. The identification of molecular targets of therapy and the development of monoclonal antibody-directed therapy has generated optimism. It is possible that combinations of chemotherapy, molecularly directed therapy, and immunotherapy may be combined to cure an increasing proportion of patients with acute leukaemia.

中文翻译：

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成人复发性急性白血病的治疗。

尽管急性白血病的治愈已显着改善，但许多患者仍会复发并死亡。急性白血病的分子发病机理的揭示已导致鉴定新的预后因素并改善了对微小残留疾病的检测。化疗对复发性急性白血病的治疗仍然不能令人满意。同种异体或自体血液和骨髓移植（BMT）可以治愈一部分复发的急性白血病患者。移植物抗白细胞白血病（GVL）效果的鉴定已导致发展出供体淋巴细胞输注，以在异基因BMT后复发的白血病患者中重新诱导缓解，并刺激了毒性更小的非清髓性异基因移植方法的发展。鉴定治疗的分子靶标和开发单克隆抗体指导的治疗产生了乐观。化学疗法，分子定向疗法和免疫疗法的组合可以组合使用以治愈越来越多的急性白血病患者。