Prostanoids represent a group of lipid mediators that are produced from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway. Once formed, the prostanoids are released from the cells and act on their cognate receptors on cell surfaces to exert their biological actions. Of these, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is the most common prostanoid, being produced by a wide variety of cells and tissues and has a broad range of bioactivity. Recent advance in this field has led to identification and characterization of a number of enzymes that play roles in the biosynthesis of PGE(2), namely phospholipase A(2), cyclooxygenase and terminal PGE synthase. Each of these three reactions can be rate-limiting and involves multiple enzymes/isozymes that can act in different phases of cell activation and exhibit distinct functional coupling. In this review, we will overview a recent understanding of the molecular biology, regulatory mechanisms, and physiological functions of these enzymes.

中文翻译：

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前列腺素E2-生物合成途径的分子生物学和生理学的最新进展。

前列腺素代表一组脂质介体，其由花生四烯酸经由环氧合酶途径产生。前列腺素一旦形成，就会从细胞中释放出来，并作用于细胞表面的同源受体上，从而发挥其生物学作用。其中，前列腺素E（2）（PGE（2））是最常见的前列腺素，由多种细胞和组织产生，并具有广泛的生物活性。该领域的最新进展已导致鉴定和表征在PGE（2）的生物合成中起作用的多种酶，即磷脂酶A（2），环氧合酶和末端PGE合酶。这三个反应中的每一个都可能是限速的，并且涉及多种酶/同工酶，它们可以在细胞活化的不同阶段起作用并表现出独特的功能偶联。在这篇评论中