Association Football (soccer) is the most popular and widespread sport in the world. A significant proportion of the injuries suffered in football are head injuries involving trauma to the brain. In normal play, head trauma frequently arises from collisions, but some researchers have claimed that it also may arise as a consequence of heading the ball. Although assessments based on biomechanical analyses are equivocal on the potential for brain injury due to football heading, a growing literature seems to support the claim that neuropsychological impairment results from general football play and football heading in particular. However, this review suggests a distinction is required between the neuropsychological effects of concussive and subconcussive head trauma and that all of the neuropsychological studies conducted so far suffer from methodological problems. At best, a few of these studies may be regarded as exploratory. The review concludes that presently, although there is exploratory evidence of subclinical neuropsychological impairment as a consequence of football-related concussions, there is no reliable and certainly no definitive evidence that such impairment occurs as a result of general football play or normal football heading. The neuropsychological consequences of football-related subconcussive effects await confirmatory investigation.

中文翻译：

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协会足球（足球）中头部和头部外伤的神经心理学：综述。

足球协会（足球）是世界上最流行和广泛使用的运动。足球遭受的很大一部分伤害是涉及脑部受伤的头部受伤。在正常比赛中，头部外伤经常是由于碰撞引起的，但是一些研究人员声称，头部外伤也可能是由于击球而引起的。尽管基于生物力学分析的评估对于足球运动可能导致脑损伤的可能性尚不明确，但越来越多的文献似乎支持这种说法，即神经心理障碍是由一般的足球运动尤其是足球运动导致的。然而，这项审查表明需要区分脑震荡和脑震荡的神经心理学作用和迄今为止进行的所有神经心理学研究都存在方法学问题。充其量，其中一些研究可能被认为是探索性的。该综述得出的结论是，尽管有足球相关脑震荡的亚临床神经心理损害的探索性证据，但目前尚无可靠且肯定没有确切证据表明这种损害是由于一般足球比赛或正常的足球前进造成的。与足球相关的脑震荡效应的神经心理学后果尚待验证研究。尽管有与足球相关的脑震荡导致亚临床神经心理损害的探索性证据，但尚无可靠且肯定没有确切证据表明这种损害是由于一般的足球比赛或正常的足球前进造成的。与足球相关的脑震荡效应的神经心理学后果尚待验证研究。尽管有与足球相关的脑震荡导致亚临床神经心理损害的探索性证据，但尚无可靠且肯定没有确切证据表明这种损害是由于一般的足球比赛或正常的足球前进造成的。与足球相关的脑震荡效应的神经心理学后果尚待验证研究。