Chronic inflammatory lung diseases represent a group of severe diseases with increasing prevalence as well as epidemiological importance. Inflammatory lung diseases could result from allergic or infectious genesis. There is growing evidence that the immune and nervous system are closely related not only in physiological but also in pathological reactions in the lung. Extensive communications between neurons and immune cells are responsible for the magnitude of airway inflammation and the development of airway hyperreactivity, a consequence of neuronal dysregulation. Neurotrophins are molecules regulating and controlling this crosstalk between the immune and peripheral nervous system (PNS) during inflammatory lung diseases. They are constitutively expressed by resident lung cells and produced in increasing quantities by immune cells invading the airways under inflammatory conditions. They act as activation, differentiation and survival factors for cells of both the immune and nervous system. This article will review the most recent data of neurotrophin signaling in the normal and inflamed lung and as yet unexplored, roles of neurotrophins in the complex communication within the neuroimmune network.

中文翻译：

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炎性肺疾病中的神经营养蛋白：细胞分化和神经免疫相互作用的调节剂。

慢性炎症性肺病是一组严重的疾病，其流行率和流行病学重要性日益提高。过敏性或感染性起源可能导致炎症性肺部疾病。越来越多的证据表明，免疫和神经系统不仅在肺部生理方面而且在病理反应方面都密切相关。神经元和免疫细胞之间的广泛交流是造成气道炎症和气道高反应性发展的原因，这是神经元失调的结果。神经营养蛋白是在炎症性肺疾病期间调节和控制免疫系统与周围神经系统（PNS）之间这种串扰的分子。它们由驻留的肺细胞组成性表达，并由在炎性条件下侵入气道的免疫细胞大量产生。它们充当免疫和神经系统细胞的活化，分化和存活因子。本文将回顾正常和发炎的肺中神经营养蛋白信号传导的最新数据，以及尚未探索的神经营养蛋白在神经免疫网络内复杂交流中的作用。