Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the most common autoimmune endocrine diseases. Both are organ-specific T-cell mediated diseases. Abundant epidemiological data support a strong genetic basis for both T1D and AITD. Furthermore, both diseases commonly occur in the same individuals and in the same families. Indeed, studies suggest that the etiology of T1D and AITD may involve common genetic factors. Two immune regulatory genes, HLA and CTLA-4 contribute to the susceptibility to both diseases. Additionally, two tissue-specific genes, the insulin VNTR in T1D and Thyroglobulin in AITD play a major role in their pathogenesis. Therefore, it is likely that both immune regulatory and target tissue genes contribute to these and other autoimmune diseases.

中文翻译：

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自身免疫性糖尿病和甲状腺炎的病因：常见遗传易感性的证据。

1型糖尿病（T1D）和自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）是最常见的自身免疫性内分泌疾病。两者都是器官特异性T细胞介导的疾病。大量的流行病学数据为T1D和AITD奠定了坚实的遗传基础。此外，两种疾病通常都发生在同一个人和同一家庭中。确实，研究表明T1D和AITD的病因可能涉及常见的遗传因素。两种免疫调节基因HLA和CTLA-4对这两种疾病的易感性都有贡献。另外，两个组织特异性基因，T1D中的胰岛素VNTR和AITD中的甲状腺球蛋白在其发病机理中起重要作用。因此，免疫调节基因和靶组织基因都可能导致这些疾病和其他自身免疫性疾病。