Social phobia is an extremely disruptive and distressing anxiety disorder that can impact on many areas of an individual's life. Yet, despite the fact that lifetime prevalence rates are relatively high, its etiology is still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to draw together findings from the broad base of nonclinical literature associated with behavioral inhibition (BI), shyness, social anxiety, and passive-anxious withdrawal and to compare these findings with those from the limited number of clinical studies with social phobics. Such comparison is not unproblematic due to conceptual differences between terms used and methodological divergence; these issues are discussed in some detail. The consonance of findings, however, suggests a viable profile for the developmental course of social phobia. This profile incorporates temperament variables, behavioral motivational, parenting styles, peer relationships, and internalization problems. Finally, specific suggestions for future research are offered.

中文翻译：

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社会恐惧症的病因：朝着发展的方向发展。

社交恐惧症是一种极度破坏性和令人不安的焦虑症，可影响到个人生活的许多方面。然而，尽管事实上一生的患病率较高，但其病因学仍知之甚少。这篇综述的目的是汇总来自与行为抑制（BI），害羞，社交焦虑和被动焦虑退缩相关的广泛非临床文献的发现，并将这些发现与有限数量的临床研究中的发现进行比较。社交恐惧症。由于使用的术语和方法上的分歧之间的概念差异，这种比较并非毫无问题。这些问题将进行详细讨论。然而，研究结果的一致性表明，社交恐惧症的发展过程具有可行性。此配置文件包含气质变量，行为动机，养育方式，同伴关系和内在化问题。最后，为将来的研究提供了具体建议。