Aging is a complex process which is accompanied with the decline and the reshaping of different functions of the body. In particular the immune system is characterized, during ageing (immunosenescence) by a remodeling of innate immunity (well preserved, up-regulated) and clonotypical immunity (severely altered) and by the occurrence of a chronic inflammatory process (inflammaging) which are, at least in part, genetically controlled. In this scenario, it can be anticipated that a crucial role is played by age-related structural and functional alterations and modifications of proteasomes and immunoproteasomes, the last being a key component of antigen processing and MHC class I antigen presentation. A variety of experimental data are available, suggesting that proteasomes are affected by age, and that in centenarians they are relatively preserved. On the contrary, few data are available on immunoproteasomes, likely as a consequence of the poverty of suitable cellular models. Lymphoblastoid cell lines from EBV immortalized B cells from old donors is envisaged as a possible model for the study of immunoproteasomes in humans and their changes with age. Thus, basic questions such as those related to possible consequences, for immune responses in infectious diseases and cancer, of age-related alterations of antigen processing and presenting, change with age of self-antigen repertoire, and the genetic basis of immunoproteasome activity and its change with age, remain largely unanswered.

中文翻译：

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免疫蛋白酶体和免疫衰老。

衰老是一个复杂的过程，伴随着身体不同功能的衰退和重塑。特别是，免疫系统的特征是，在衰老（免疫衰老）过程中，先天免疫力（良好保存，上调）和克隆型免疫力（严重改变）的重塑以及慢性炎症过程（发炎）的发生，其特征是至少部分是基因控制的。在这种情况下，可以预期的是，与年龄相关的蛋白酶体和免疫蛋白酶体的结构和功能改变与修饰将发挥关键作用，最后一个是抗原加工和MHC I类抗原呈递的关键组成部分。可获得各种实验数据，表明蛋白酶体受年龄影响，在百岁老人中它们相对保存。相反，关于免疫蛋白酶体的数据很少，这可能是由于合适的细胞模型不足所致。设想将来自旧供体的EBV永生化B细胞的淋巴母细胞系作为研究人体免疫蛋白酶体及其随年龄变化的可能模型。因此，存在一些基本问题，例如与传染性疾病和癌症的免疫应答，抗原加工和呈递的年龄相关改变，自身抗原库的年龄变化以及免疫蛋白酶体活性的遗传基础及其年龄相关的可能后果有关的问题。随着年龄的增长而变化，基本上仍然没有答案。设想将来自旧供体的EBV永生化B细胞的淋巴母细胞系作为研究人体免疫蛋白酶体及其随年龄变化的可能模型。因此，存在一些基本问题，例如与传染性疾病和癌症的免疫应答，抗原加工和呈递的年龄相关改变，自身抗原库的年龄变化以及免疫蛋白酶体活性的遗传基础及其年龄相关的可能后果有关的问题。随着年龄的增长而变化，基本上仍然没有答案。设想将来自旧供体的EBV永生化B细胞的淋巴母细胞系作为研究人体免疫蛋白酶体及其随年龄变化的可能模型。因此，存在一些基本问题，例如与传染性疾病和癌症的免疫应答，抗原加工和呈递的年龄相关改变，自身抗原库的年龄变化以及免疫蛋白酶体活性的遗传基础及其年龄相关的可能后果有关的问题。随着年龄的增长而变化，基本上仍然没有答案。