Scientific evidence suggests substance-use disorder (SUD)-focused self-help group involvement is a helpful adjunct to SUD treatment, yet significant knowledge gaps remain. The principal aim of this review is to highlight areas of knowledge deficit and their implications for research and practice. To accomplish this, evidence regarding whether self-help group involvement is effective, for whom, and why, is reviewed. The appropriateness of self-help groups for certain subpopulations is considered with respect to psychiatric comorbidity, religious orientation, gender, and age. An increasingly rigorous body of evidence suggests consistent benefits of self-help group involvement. Regarding subpopulations, current evidence suggests non- or less-religious individuals benefit as much from self-help groups as more religious individuals and women become as involved and benefit as much as men. However, participation in, and effects from, traditional self-help groups for dually diagnosed patients may be moderated by type of psychiatric comorbidity. Some youth appear to benefit, but remain largely unstudied. Dropout and nonattendance rates are high, despite clinical recommendations to attend. Clinicians can significantly influence the effectiveness of self-help, but optimal methods and duration of facilitation efforts need testing. Greater understanding of the reasons why many do not attend or drop out would benefit facilitation efforts.

中文翻译：

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药物滥用疾病的自助服务：历史，有效性，知识差距和研究机会。

科学证据表明，以药物滥用障碍（SUD）为中心的自助小组参与是SUD治疗的有益辅助手段，但仍然存在明显的知识空白。这次审查的主要目的是强调知识不足的领域及其对研究和实践的影响。为此，需要审查有关自助小组参与是否有效，针对谁以及为什么的证据。考虑到精神病合并症，宗教倾向，性别和年龄，自助小组是否适合某些亚人群。越来越严格的证据表明自助小组参与的好处是一致的。关于亚群，当前的证据表明，非宗教或宗教较少的人从自助团体中受益的程度与更多宗教个体和妇女的参与程度以及与男子的利益相同。但是，可以通过精神病合并症的类型来缓解传统的自助小组对双重诊断患者的参与和影响。一些青年似乎受益匪浅，但仍未得到研究。尽管有临床建议参加，但辍学率和缺勤率很高。临床医生可以极大地影响自助服务的有效性，但是最佳方法和便利工作的持续时间需要测试。对许多人不出席或不辍学的原因的更多了解将有助于简化工作。双重诊断患者的传统自助小组可能会因精神病合并症的类型而有所缓解。一些青年似乎受益匪浅，但仍未得到研究。尽管有临床建议参加，但辍学率和缺勤率很高。临床医生可以极大地影响自助服务的有效性，但是最佳方法和便利工作的持续时间需要测试。深入了解为什么许多人不参加或辍学的原因将有助于简化工作。双重诊断患者的传统自助小组可能会因精神病合并症的类型而有所缓解。一些青年似乎受益匪浅，但仍未得到研究。尽管有临床建议参加，但辍学率和缺勤率很高。临床医生可以极大地影响自助服务的有效性，但是最佳方法和便利工作的持续时间需要测试。深入了解为什么许多人不参加或辍学的原因将有助于简化工作。但是简化方法的最佳方法和持续时间需要测试。对许多人不出席或不辍学的原因的更多了解将有助于简化工作。但是简化方法的最佳方法和持续时间需要测试。深入了解为什么许多人不参加或辍学的原因将有助于简化工作。