In this work, various techniques for solid surface acid-base (AB) characterization are reviewed. Different techniques employ different scales to rank acid-base properties. Based on the results from literature and the authors' own investigations for mineral oxides, these scales are compared. The comparison shows that Isoelectric Point (IEP), the most commonly used AB scale, is not a description of the absolute basicity or acidity of a surface, but a description of their relative strength. That is, a high IEP surface shows more basic functionality comparing with its acidic functionality, whereas a low IEP surface shows less basic functionality comparing with its acidic functionality. The choice of technique and scale for AB characterization depends on the specific application. For the cases in which the overall AB property is of interest, IEP (by electrokinetic titration) and H(0,max) (by indicator dye adsorption) are appropriate. For the cases in which the absolute AB property is of interest such as in the study of adhesion, it is more pertinent to use chemical shift (by XPS) and the heat of adsorption of probe gases (by calorimetry or IGC).

中文翻译：

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固体表面酸碱表征的不同技术综述。

在这项工作中，综述了用于固体表面酸碱（AB）表征的各种技术。不同的技术采用不同的规模对酸碱性质进行分级。根据文献结果和作者自己对矿物氧化物的研究，比较了这些比例。比较表明，最常用的AB标度等电点（IEP）不是描述表面的绝对碱度或酸度，而是描述其相对强度。即，高IEP表面与其酸性官能相比显示出更多的基本功能，而低IEP表面与其酸性官能相比显示出更少的基本功能。AB表征的技术和规模的选择取决于特定的应用。对于整个AB属性值得关注的情况，IEP（通过电动滴定法）和H（0，max）（通过指示剂染料吸附）是合适的。对于涉及绝对AB特性的情况（例如在粘附性研究中），更重要的是使用化学位移（通过XPS）和探针气体的吸附热（通过量热法或IGC）。