Fungi are known to form associations with various marine organisms and substrata such as sponges and corals, both as potential symbionts or pathogens. These microorganisms occupy an ecological niche that has recently attracted great attention due to their potential in either ecological or pharmaceutical advances. However, the interaction between marine invertebrates and fungi is still poorly understood, including how they are affected by anthropogenic actions. Here, we identified 89 fungal isolates through sequencing of the ITS rDNA region obtained from the various sponge and coral species collected at two northeast Brazilian reefs. We found 43 species of fungi from 16 genera, all belonging to phylum Ascomycota. The sponges and coral shared four genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Cladosporium, all commonly found in terrestrial habitats and associated with marine invertebrates. We observed some unusual species in relation to the marine environment, such as Clonostachys rosea and Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, most of them related to plants, either as saprophytic or pathogenic, suggesting that these species were transported from the surrounding terrestrial environment to the reefs. In addition, some isolates represent possible undescribed species, reinforcing the importance of studying the marine environment in relation to its ecological and biotechnological importance.

中文翻译：

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巴西东北部沿海珊瑚礁中与珊瑚和海绵相关的丝状真菌的多样性

众所周知，真菌与各种海洋生物和基质（如海绵和珊瑚）形成关联，两者都是潜在的共生体或病原体。这些微生物占据了一个生态位，由于它们在生态或药物进步方面的潜力，最近引起了极大的关注。然而，海洋无脊椎动物和真菌之间的相互作用仍然知之甚少，包括它们如何受到人为活动的影响。在这里，我们通过对从巴西东北部两个珊瑚礁收集的各种海绵和珊瑚物种获得的 ITS rDNA 区域进行测序，鉴定了 89 个真菌分离株。我们发现了来自16个属的43种真菌，均属于子囊菌门。海绵和珊瑚共有四个属：曲霉属、青霉属、木霉属和枝孢属，所有常见于陆地栖息地并与海洋无脊椎动物有关。我们观察到一些与海洋环境有关的不寻常物种，例如 Clonostachys rosea 和 Neopestalotiopsis clavispora，它们中的大多数与植物有关，无论是腐生的还是致病的，这表明这些物种是从周围的陆地环境转移到珊瑚礁的。此外，一些分离株代表了可能未描述的物种，加强了研究海洋环境与其生态和生物技术重要性相关的重要性。这表明这些物种是从周围的陆地环境迁移到珊瑚礁的。此外，一些分离株代表了可能未描述的物种，加强了研究海洋环境与其生态和生物技术重要性相关的重要性。这表明这些物种是从周围的陆地环境迁移到珊瑚礁的。此外，一些分离株代表了可能未描述的物种，加强了研究海洋环境与其生态和生物技术重要性相关的重要性。