Atypical vagal reactivity has been linked to internalizing psychopathology and less adaptive emotion regulation, but reactive cardiac entropy is largely unexplored. Therefore, this study investigated reactive vagally-mediated heart-rate variability (vmHRV) and cardiac entropy in relation to emotion regulation. Electrocardiograms of 32 children (9–13 years) with internalizing difficulties and 25 healthy controls were recorded during a baseline and a sad film. Reactivity-measures were calculated from the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and sample entropy (SampEn). Emotion regulation was assessed using the emotion regulation checklist (ERC). Determinants of reactive SampEn and RMSSD were analyzed with marginal and generalized linear models. The study also modeled the relationship between cardiac reactivity and emotion regulation while controlling for psychopathology. The two groups differed significantly in vmHRV-reactivity, with seemingly higher vagal-withdrawal in the control group. SampEn increased significantly during the film, but less in subjects with higher psychopathology. Higher reactive entropy was a significant predictor of better emotion regulation as measured by the ERC. Internalizing subjects and controls showed significantly different vmHRV-reactivity. Higher reactive cardiac entropy was associated with lower internalizing psychopathology and better emotion regulation and may reflect on organizational features of the neurovisceral system relevant for adaptive emotion regulation.

中文翻译：

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患有内在失调和健康控制的儿童的反应性心率变异性和心脏熵。

非典型的迷走神经反应性与内在的心理病理学和较不适应的情绪调节有关，但是反应性心脏熵在很大程度上尚待探索。因此，本研究调查了与情绪调节有关的反应性阴道介导的心率变异性（vmHRV）和心脏熵。在基线和悲伤的影片中记录了32例有内在化困难的儿童（9-13岁）和25个健康对照的心电图。根据连续差异的均方根（RMSSD）和样品熵（SampEn）计算反应性测度。使用情绪调节检查表（ERC）评估情绪调节。用边际和广义线性模型分析了反应性SampEn和RMSSD的决定因素。这项研究还模拟了心脏反应性与情绪调节之间的关系，同时控制了精神病理学。两组的vmHRV反应性明显不同，对照组的迷走神经戒断似乎更高。电影中SampEn显着增加，但精神病理学较高的受试者中SampEn显着增加。如ERC所测，较高的反应熵是更好的情绪调节的重要预测指标。内部化的受试者和对照表现出明显不同的vmHRV反应性。较高的反应性心脏熵与较低的内在心理病理学和较好的情绪调节有关，并且可能反映了与适应性情绪调节有关的神经内脏系统的组织特征。两组的vmHRV反应性明显不同，对照组的迷走神经戒断似乎更高。在影片中，SampEn显着增加，但在精神病理学较高的受试者中，SampEn显着增加。如ERC所测，较高的反应熵是更好的情绪调节的重要预测指标。内部化的受试者和对照表现出明显不同的vmHRV反应性。较高的反应性心脏熵与较低的内在心理病理学和较好的情绪调节有关，并且可能反映了与适应性情绪调节有关的神经内脏系统的组织特征。两组的vmHRV反应性明显不同，对照组的迷走神经戒断似乎更高。电影中SampEn显着增加，但精神病理学较高的受试者中SampEn显着增加。如ERC所测，较高的反应熵是更好的情绪调节的重要预测指标。内部化的受试者和对照表现出明显不同的vmHRV反应性。较高的反应性心脏熵与较低的内在心理病理学和较好的情绪调节有关，并且可能反映了与适应性情绪调节有关的神经内脏系统的组织特征。如ERC所测，较高的反应熵是更好的情绪调节的重要预测指标。内部化的受试者和对照表现出明显不同的vmHRV反应性。较高的反应性心脏熵与较低的内在心理病理学和较好的情绪调节有关，并且可能反映了与适应性情绪调节有关的神经内脏系统的组织特征。如ERC所测，较高的反应熵是更好的情绪调节的重要预测指标。内部化的受试者和对照表现出明显不同的vmHRV反应性。较高的反应性心脏熵与较低的内在心理病理学和较好的情绪调节有关，并且可能反映了与适应性情绪调节有关的神经内脏系统的组织特征。