Metabolic processes and environmental conditions cause the constant formation of oxidizing species over the lifetime of cells and organisms. This leads to a continuous oxidation of intracellular components, including lipids, DNA and proteins. During the extensively studied process of lipid peroxidation, several reactive low-molecular weight products are formed, including reactive aldehydes as 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). These aldehydic lipid peroxidation products in turn are able to modify proteins. The degradation of oxidized and oxidatively modified proteins is an essential part of the oxidant defenses of cells. The major proteolytic system responsible for the removal of oxidized cytosolic and nuclear proteins is the proteasomal system. The proteasomal system by itself is a multicomponent system responsible for the degradation of the majority of intracellular proteins. It has been shown that some, mildly cross-linked, HNE-modified proteins are preferentially degraded by the proteasome, but extensive modification with this cross-linking aldehyde leads to the formation of protein aggregates, that can actually inhibit the proteasome. This review summarizes our knowledge of the interactions between lipid peroxidation products, proteins, and the proteasomal system.

中文翻译：

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蛋白酶体系统和HNE修饰的蛋白质。

代谢过程和环境条件会在细胞和生物体的整个生命周期中不断形成氧化物种。这导致细胞内成分（包括脂质，DNA和蛋白质）的持续氧化。在对脂质过氧化的广泛研究过程中，形成了几种反应性低分子量产物，包括作为4-羟基壬烯醛（HNE）的反应性醛。这些醛脂质过氧化产物又能够修饰蛋白质。氧化和氧化修饰的蛋白质的降解是细胞氧化防御的重要组成部分。负责除去氧化的胞质和核蛋白的主要蛋白水解系统是蛋白酶体系统。蛋白酶体系统本身是负责降解大多数细胞内蛋白质的多组分系统。已经显示，一些轻度交联的，HNE-修饰的蛋白质优先被蛋白酶体降解，但是用这种交联醛进行的广泛修饰导致形成蛋白质聚集体，其实际上可以抑制蛋白酶体。这篇综述总结了我们对脂质过氧化产物，蛋白质和蛋白酶体系统之间相互作用的知识。