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HNE--signaling pathways leading to its elimination.
Molecular Aspects of Medicine ( IF 8.7 ) Pub Date : 2003-08-02 , DOI: 10.1016/s0098-2997(03)00013-x
Henry Jay Forman 1 , Dale A Dickinson , Karen E Iles
Affiliation  

The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids results in the production of HNE, which can react through both non-enzymatic and enzyme catalyzed reactions to modify a number of cellular components, including proteins and DNA. Multiple pathways for its enzyme catalyzed elimination include oxidation of the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid, reduction of the aldehyde to an alcohol, and conjugation of the carbon-carbon double bond to glutathione (GSH). Interestingly, the enzymes that result in HNE elimination are induced by HNE itself although the chemical mechanism for signaling is not well understood. One of the striking effects of HNE is that after a transient decrease in GSH, synthesis of GSH is elevated through induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of GSH. GCL has two subunits, which are transcriptionally regulated by a wide variety of agents, including oxidants and electrophiles, such as HNE, which elevates both. The transcriptional regulation of GCL has been the subject of many investigations yielding a complex picture in which the pathways for up-regulation of the subunits appear to be independent and vary with inducing agent and cell type. We have found that in human bronchial epithelial cells, HNE acts through AP-1 activation with signaling through the JNK pathway, and that neither the ERK nor p38(MAPK) pathways is involved. With these results we review what is currently known about the signaling mechanisms for removal of HNE, focusing principally on conjugation mechanisms involving GSH.

中文翻译:

HNE-导致其消除的信号通路。

多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化导致产生HNE,HNE可以通过非酶催化反应和酶催化反应发生反应,从而修饰许多细胞成分,包括蛋白质和DNA。其酶催化消除的多种途径包括醛氧化为羧酸,醛还原为醇以及碳-碳双键与谷胱甘肽(GSH)偶联。有趣的是,导致HNE消除的酶是由HNE本身诱导的,尽管对信号传导的化学机理还不甚了解。HNE的惊人作用之一是GSH短暂降低后,通过诱导谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶(GCL)可以提高GSH的合成,这催化了GSH从头合成的第一步。GCL有两个子单元,它们受多种试剂(包括氧化剂和亲电试剂,例如HNE)的转录调控,这两种试剂均可同时提高两者。GCL的转录调控一直是许多研究的主题,这些研究产生了复杂的图景,其中亚基上调的途径似乎是独立的,并且随诱导剂和细胞类型而变化。我们发现,在人支气管上皮细胞中,HNE通过AP-1激活并通过JNK途径发出信号,而ERK或p38(MAPK)途径均不参与。通过这些结果,我们回顾了目前有关去除HNE的信号传导机制的知识,主要集中在涉及GSH的结合机制上。GCL的转录调控一直是许多研究的主题,这些研究产生了复杂的图景,其中亚基上调的途径似乎是独立的,并且随诱导剂和细胞类型而变化。我们发现,在人支气管上皮细胞中,HNE通过AP-1激活并通过JNK途径发出信号,而ERK或p38(MAPK)途径均不参与。通过这些结果,我们回顾了目前有关去除HNE的信号传导机制的知识,主要集中在涉及GSH的结合机制上。GCL的转录调控一直是许多研究的主题,这些研究产生了复杂的图景,其中亚基上调的途径似乎是独立的,并且随诱导剂和细胞类型的不同而变化。我们发现,在人支气管上皮细胞中,HNE通过AP-1激活并通过JNK途径发出信号,而ERK或p38(MAPK)途径均不参与。通过这些结果,我们回顾了目前有关去除HNE的信号传导机制的知识,主要集中在涉及GSH的结合机制上。我们发现,在人支气管上皮细胞中,HNE通过AP-1激活并通过JNK途径发出信号,而ERK或p38(MAPK)途径均不参与。通过这些结果,我们回顾了目前有关去除HNE的信号传导机制的知识,主要集中在涉及GSH的结合机制上。我们发现,在人支气管上皮细胞中,HNE通过AP-1激活并通过JNK途径发出信号,而ERK或p38(MAPK)途径均不参与。通过这些结果,我们回顾了目前有关去除HNE的信号传导机制的知识,主要集中在涉及GSH的结合机制上。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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