Animal cells have been widely used to obtain a wide range of products for human and animal healthcare applications. However, the extreme sensitivity of these cells in respect to changes experienced in their environment is evidenced by the activation of a gene-encoded program known as apoptosis, resulting in their death and destruction. From the bioprocess angle, losses in cell viability bring lower productivities and higher risks of product degradation. Consequently, many research efforts have been devoted to the development of apoptosis protective mechanisms, including the metabolic engineering of apoptosis pathways, that has proven effective in diminishing programmed cell death in a variety of biotechnological relevant cell lines. This review is focused especially in the encouraging initial results obtained with the over-expression of cloned anti-apoptosis genes, from both endogenous and viral origin interfering at mitochondrial and initiator caspases levels.

中文翻译：

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培养动物细胞凋亡的代谢工程：对生物技术产业的影响。

动物细胞已被广泛用于获得用于人类和动物保健应用的多种产品。然而，这些细胞对环境变化的极端敏感性可以通过激活称为凋亡的基因编码程序来证明，从而导致其死亡和破坏。从生物过程的角度来看，细胞活力的丧失带来了较低的生产率和较高的产品降解风险。因此，已经进行了许多研究工作以开发凋亡保护机制，包括凋亡途径的代谢工程，该机制已被证明可以有效地减少各种生物技术相关细胞系中的程序性细胞死亡。