When subjects switch between two tasks, performance is slower after a task switch than after a task repetition. We report five experiments showing that a large part of these "task-shift-costs" cannot be attributed to a control operation, needed to configure the cognitive system for the upcoming task (e.g., ). In all experiments subjects switched between picture-naming and word-reading. We presented different stimuli either in just one of the two tasks, or in both of them. Shift-costs were larger for stimuli presented in both tasks than for those presented in only one task, even after more than 100 intervening trials between prime and probe events. We suggest (as proposed by ) that stimuli acquire associations with the tasks in which they occur. When the current task activation is weak, as on a switch of tasks, stimuli can trigger retrieval of the associated, competing task, provoking larger time costs.

中文翻译：

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任务转换和长期启动：情景刺激-任务绑定在任务转换成本中的作用

当受试者在两个任务之间切换时，任务切换后的表现比任务重复后慢。我们报告了五个实验，表明这些“任务转移成本”的很大一部分不能归因于控制操作，需要为即将到来的任务（例如，）配置认知系统。在所有实验中，受试者在图片命名和单词阅读之间切换。我们在两项任务中的一项或两项任务中都提供了不同的刺激。即使在初始事件和探测事件之间进行了 100 多次干预试验之后，两项任务中呈现的刺激的转移成本也比仅一项任务中呈现的刺激更大。我们建议（由 提出）刺激获得与它们发生的任务的关联。当当前任务激活较弱时，如在任务切换时，