Sphingosine-1-phosphate (SIP) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that regulates diverse cellular responses including, growth, survival, cytoskeleton rearrangements and movement. SIP plays an important role during development, particularly in vascular maturation and has been implicated in pathophysiology of cancer, wound healing, and atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the evidence showing that signaling induced by SIP is complex and involves both intracellular and extracellular actions. The intracellular effects of SIP remain speculative awaiting the identification of specific targets whereas the extracellular effects of SIP are clearly mediated through the activation of five specific G protein coupled receptors, called S1P1-5. Recent studies demonstrate that intracellular generated SIP can act in a paracrine or autocrine manner to activate its cell surface receptors.

中文翻译：

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鞘氨醇-1-磷酸的多效性。

1-磷酸鞘氨醇（SIP）是一种具有生物活性的鞘脂代谢产物，可调节多种细胞反应，包括生长，存活，细胞骨架重排和运动。SIP在发育过程中起着重要作用，特别是在血管成熟中，并且已与癌症的病理生理，伤口愈合和动脉粥样硬化有关。这篇综述总结了证据，显示由SIP诱导的信号传导是复杂的，并且涉及细胞内和细胞外作用。SIP的细胞内作用仍然是推测性的，等待特定靶标的识别，而SIP的细胞外作用显然是通过激活五个特定的G蛋白偶联受体S1P1-5介导的。