Even though it is generally recognized that calculation ability represents a most important type of cognition, there is a significant paucity in the study of acalculia. In this paper the historical evolution of calculation abilities in humankind and the appearance of numerical concepts in child development are reviewed. Developmental calculation disturbances (developmental dyscalculia) are analyzed. It is proposed that calculation ability represents a multifactor skill, including verbal, spatial, memory, body knowledge, and executive function abilities. A general distinction between primary and secondary acalculias is presented, and different types of acquired calculation disturbances are analyzed. The association between acalculia and aphasia, apraxia and dementia is further considered, and special mention to the so-called Gerstmann syndrome is made. A model for the neuropsychological assessment of numerical abilities is proposed, and some general guidelines for the rehabilitation of calculation disturbances are presented.

中文翻译：

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失语症和运动障碍。

尽管通常公认计算能力代表着最重要的认知类型，但对失语症的研究仍然非常缺乏。本文回顾了人类计算能力的历史演变以及儿童发展中数字概念的出现。分析了发育计算障碍（发育障碍）。建议计算能力代表一种多因素技能，包括语言，空间，记忆，身体知识和执行功能能力。给出了主要和次要失钙症的一般区别，并分析了不同类型的获得性计算失调。还考虑了失语症与失语症，失用症和痴呆症之间的关系，并特别提到所谓的Gerstmann综合征。提出了一种数字能力的神经心理学评估模型，并提出了一些有关恢复计算干扰的通用指南。