Eight experiments were conducted to examine 3- and 3.5-month-old infants' responses to occlusion events. The results revealed two developments, one in infants' knowledge of when objects should and should not be occluded and the other in infants' ability to posit additional objects to make sense of events that would otherwise violate their occlusion knowledge. The first development is that, beginning at about 3 months of age, infants expect an object to become temporarily visible when passing behind an occluder with an opening extending from its lower edge. The second development is that, beginning at about 3.5 months of age, infants generate a two-object explanation when shown a violation in which an object fails to become visible when passing behind an occluder with an opening in its lower edge. Unless given information contradicting such an explanation, infants infer that two identical objects are involved in the event, one traveling to the left and one to the right of the opening. These and related findings provide the basis for a model of young infants' responses to occlusion events; alternative models are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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小婴儿对遮挡物体的推理的发展


进行了八项实验来检查 3 个月和 3.5 个月大的婴儿对咬合事件的反应。结果揭示了两项发展，一是婴儿知道何时应该和不应该遮挡物体，二是婴儿有能力放置额外的物体来理解否则会违反其遮挡知识的事件。第一个发展是，从大约 3 个月大开始，婴儿期望物体在从其下边缘延伸出开口的遮挡物后面经过时暂时可见。第二个发展是，从大约 3.5 个月大开始，婴儿在出现违规行为时会产生双物体解释，其中物体经过下缘有开口的遮挡物后面时无法可见。除非给出的信息与这种解释相矛盾，否则婴儿会推断该事件涉及两个相同的物体，一个向左移动，一个向开口右侧移动。这些和相关的发现为小婴儿对咬合事件的反应模型提供了基础；还讨论了替代模型。