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Biosynthesis and secretion of plant cuticular wax.
Progress in Lipid Research ( IF 13.6 ) Pub Date : 2002-12-07 , DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(02)00045-0
L Kunst 1 , A L Samuels
Affiliation  

The cuticle covers the aerial portions of land plants. It consists of amorphous intracuticular wax embedded in cutin polymer, and epicuticular wax crystalloids that coat the outer plant surface and impart a whitish appearance. Cuticular wax is mainly composed of long-chain aliphatic compounds derived from very long chain fatty acids. Wax biosynthesis begins with fatty acid synthesis in the plastid. Here we focus on fatty acid elongation (FAE) to very long chains (C24-C34), and the subsequent processing of these elongated products into alkanes, secondary alcohols, ketones, primary alcohols and wax esters. The identity of the gene products involved in these processes is starting to emerge. Other areas of this field remain enigmatic. For example, it is not known how the hydrophobic wax components are moved intracellularly, how they are exported out of the cell, or translocated through the hydrophilic cell wall. Two hypotheses are presented for intracellular wax transport: direct transfer of lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, and Golgi mediated exocytosis. The potential roles of ABC transporters and non-specific lipid transfer proteins in wax export are also discussed. Biochemical-genetic and genomic approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana promise to be particularly useful in identifying and characterizing gene products involved in wax biosynthesis, secretion and function. The current review will, therefore, focus on Arabidopsis as a model for studying these processes.

中文翻译:

植物表皮蜡的生物合成与分泌。

角质层覆盖陆地植物的空中部分。它由包埋在角质聚合物中的无定形表皮蜡和覆盖植物外部表面并赋予发白外观的表皮蜡晶体组成。表皮蜡主要由衍生自非常长链脂肪酸的长链脂族化合物组成。蜡的生物合成从质体中的脂肪酸合成开始。在这里,我们着重于将脂肪酸伸长率(FAE)延伸至非常长的链(C24-C34),以及将这些伸长的产物随后加工成烷烃,仲醇,酮,伯醇和蜡酯的方法。这些过程中涉及的基因产物的身份开始出现。该领域的其他领域仍然是个谜。例如,尚不清楚疏水性蜡成分如何在细胞内移动,如何将它们从细胞中导出或通过亲水性细胞壁转运。提出了两种关于细胞内蜡运输的假说:脂质从内质网直接转移到质膜,以及高尔基体介导的胞吐作用。还讨论了ABC转运蛋白和非特异性脂质转移蛋白在蜡出口中的潜在作用。拟南芥中的生化遗传和基因组方法有望在鉴定和表征与蜡的生物合成,分泌和功能有关的基因产物中特别有用。因此,当前的审查将集中于拟南芥作为研究这些过程的模型。直接将脂质从内质网转移到质膜,以及高尔基体介导的胞吐作用。还讨论了ABC转运蛋白和非特异性脂质转移蛋白在蜡出口中的潜在作用。拟南芥中的生化遗传和基因组方法有望在鉴定和表征与蜡的生物合成,分泌和功能有关的基因产物中特别有用。因此,当前的审查将集中于拟南芥作为研究这些过程的模型。直接将脂质从内质网转移到质膜,以及高尔基体介导的胞吐作用。还讨论了ABC转运蛋白和非特异性脂质转移蛋白在蜡出口中的潜在作用。拟南芥中的生化遗传和基因组方法有望在鉴定和表征与蜡的生物合成,分泌和功能有关的基因产物中特别有用。因此,当前的审查将集中于拟南芥作为研究这些过程的模型。拟南芥中的生化遗传和基因组方法有望在鉴定和表征与蜡的生物合成,分泌和功能有关的基因产物中特别有用。因此,当前的审查将集中于拟南芥作为研究这些过程的模型。拟南芥中的生化遗传和基因组方法有望在鉴定和表征与蜡的生物合成,分泌和功能有关的基因产物中特别有用。因此,当前的审查将集中于拟南芥作为研究这些过程的模型。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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