Pesticides are unique environmental contaminants that are specifically introduced into the environment to control pests, often by killing them. Although pesticide application serves many important purposes, including protection against crop loss and against vector-borne diseases, there are significant concerns over the potential toxic effects of pesticides to non-target organisms, including humans. In many cases, the molecular target of a pesticide is shared by non-target species, leading to the potential for untoward effects. Here, we review the history of pesticide usage and the neurotoxicity of selected classes of pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, to humans and experimental animals. Specific emphasis is given to linkages between exposure to pesticides and risk of neurological disease and dysfunction in humans coupled with mechanistic findings in humans and animal models. Finally, we discuss emerging techniques and strategies to improve translation from animal models to humans.

中文翻译：

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农药的神经毒性。

农药是独特的环境污染物，通常通过杀死它们而专门引入环境中以控制害虫。尽管农药的使用具有许多重要目的，包括防止作物损失和媒介传播疾病，但人们对农药对包括人类在内的非目标生物的潜在毒性影响还是存在极大的担忧。在许多情况下，农药的分子靶标与非靶标物种共有，导致潜在的不良影响。在这里，我们回顾了农药使用的历史以及选定种类的农药（包括杀虫剂，除草剂和杀真菌剂）对人类和实验动物的神经毒性。特别强调了接触农药和人类神经系统疾病和功能障碍的风险之间的联系，以及人类和动物模型中的机理发现。最后，我们讨论了新兴的技术和策略，以改善从动物模型到人类的翻译。