A long life multiplies a tree's reproductive opportunities, thus increasing its fitness. Therefore, characteristics that prolong life should be naturally selected. Longevity in trees is achieved by means of numerous behaviors and characteristics, some of which are unique to trees. These include the retention of stem-cell-like meristematic cells after each growth cycle; the ability to replace non-vigorous, lost, or damaged organs, both above and below ground, in the presence or absence of trauma; a sectored vascular system that allows part of a tree to survive where a whole one cannot; formation of clones; a mechanical structure that can react to forces tending to de-optimize it; a hormonal control system that coordinates the above behaviors; and synthesis of defensive compounds.

中文翻译：

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为什么树木活那么久？

寿命长会增加树木的繁殖机会，从而提高其适应性。因此，应自然选择延长寿命的特性。树木的寿命可以通过多种行为和特征来实现，其中某些行为和特征是树木特有的。这些包括每个生长周期后干细胞样分生细胞的保留；在存在或不存在创伤的情况下，能够替换地面上和地下的无力，丢失或损坏的器官；一种扇形的血管系统，可使一部分树生存在整个树无法生存的地方；克隆的形成；一种机械结构，可以对趋于使其最不优化的力作出反应；协调上述行为的激素控制系统；和防御化合物的合成。